[110]. P. 25.
[111]. This interpretation of the scarab was first given by Dr. Birch more than half a century ago, but has generally been lost sight of by archaeologists.
[112]. See later, p. [70], fig. [59].
[113]. Prof. Flinders Petrie believes that he can recognize, besides the true scarab, four other varieties of beetle: the Artharsius, Copris, Gymnoplearus and Hypselogenia.
[114]. Egyptian Decorative Art, pp. 18 and 19. The spiral, it should be noted, is found on certain upright and squat prehistoric pots of the sequence dating 39-64, but these are always single, not conjoined or returning spirals.
[115]. Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, Vol. XXI, p. 148.
[116]. Ibid., Vol. XIX, p. 294.
[117]. A small detail of this ceiling (with wrong colouring) is published in Wilkinson’s Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, Vol. I, Pl. VIII, fig. 7. Identically the same pattern occurs in a Twenty-sixth Dynasty tomb at Thebes.
[118]. Milchhöfer, Die Anfänge der Kunst, p. 16 et seqq.; Petrie, Egyptian Decorative Art, p. 29.; Much, Die Kupferzeit, p. 55; Hall, The Oldest Civilization of Greece, p. 157; A. C. Haddon, Evolution in Art, p. 141. Dr. Arthur Evans, on the contrary, believes that the spiral was first used in stonework, and only at a later date transferred to metal and other materials (Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. XIII, p. 329).
[119]. Petrie, Egyptian Decorative Art, p. 22.