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a line of division at any point between backward-looking and forward-looking representations is by no means easy. Let us follow a few of these series.
In the Spartan relief ([Pl. II]) the heroic pair hold in their hands the winecup and the pomegranate, drink and food of spirits. The hero of [Fig. 30] holds both. Both may be found repeatedly also on the stelae of Athens and the rest of Greece.
1. The winecup. On the beautiful archaic stele of Lyseas at Athens[218], the hero is represented not in relief, but painted on the marble; he stands erect, holding in one hand a winecup, in the other a lustral branch. Not very much later in date is the stele[219] on which appears in relief a veiled lady seated, who holds in one hand the flat patera ([Pl. XVI]). Here the patera seems to stand in the place of the winecup, and clearly has the same reference to the receipt of libations.
2. The pomegranate. On an archaic tombstone of Aegina[220], a seated lady gives her hand to a male figure standing before her: in the other hand she holds a pomegranate. Again, on a stele of the early part of the fifth century, which comes from Larissa in Thessaly[221], a lady called Polyxena stands, drawing forward with one hand her veil, and in the other holding a pomegranate.
Nor is it only the attributes held by the Spartan heroes which appear in Attic and other reliefs, but also the offerings brought to them by worshippers. We will take the cock and the dove, which are prominent at Sparta or on the Lycian Harpy Tomb, which so closely resembles in its symbolism the Spartan monuments.
3. The cock. From Larissa comes a fifth-century stele[222], on which is a relief representing a young Thessalian, clad in a chlamys, who holds in one hand a spear, in the other a cock His name is Vekedamus. A cock is also painted on a tomb at Athens which bears the name of Antiphanes[223].
4. The dove. An Athenian tomb of the middle of the fifth century[224] ([Pl. XXX]) bears the seated figure of a lady, Eutamia; before her stands an attendant of small stature, who brings her a dove and a toilet-box. Here the dove has the appearance of an offering. But on a number of Athenian stelae the dove appears evidently as a common household pet. It is sufficient to refer to our Plate XVIII and [Fig. 61]; though perhaps a more pleasing instance than either of these is offered by a charming relief at Brocklesby Park[225], in which we see a young girl fondling two doves, which at once takes our thoughts to the offering of two doves at the temple of Jerusalem after childbirth[226], though doubtless the correspondence is accidental.
The horse and the dog also, which figure so prominently on the Spartan tomb ([Fig. 30]), are of frequent occurrence at Athens.