| 1 | set bench planes | $6.00 |
| 1 | Broad Axe | 3.00 |
| 1 | Adze | 2.25 |
| 1 | Panel saw | 1.50 |
| 1 | Panel saw | 1.58 |
| 1 | fine do— | 1.58 |
| 1 | Drawing knife | .46 |
| 1 | Trying square | .93 |
| 1 | Shingling hatchet | .50 |
| 1 | Hammer | .50 |
| 1 | Rabbet plane | .83 |
| 1 | Halving do | .50 |
| 1 | Backed fine saw | 1.25 |
| 1 | Inch augre | .50 |
| 1 | pr. dividers or compasses— | .71 |
| 1 | Panel saw for splitting | 2.75 |
| 1 | Tennon gauge | 1.42 |
| 1 | Bevel | .84 |
| 1 | Bradd Hammer | .50 |
| 1 | Architect Book | 6.50 |
| 1 | Case Mathematical Instruments | 3.62-1⁄2 |
| 1 | Panel saw | 2.75 |
| 1 | Grafting saw | 1.00 |
| 1 | Bench screw | 1.00 |
| 1 | Stamp | 2.50 |
| 1 | Double joint rule | .62-1⁄2 |
| 1 | Sash saw | 1.12-1⁄2 |
| 1 | Oil Can | .17 |
| 1 | Brace & 36 straw cold bits | 9.00 |
| 1 | Window Frame tool | 4.00 |
| 1 | Blind tool | 1.33 |
| 1 | Glue Kettle | .62-1⁄2 |
| 1 | Grindstone without crank | 1.75 |
| 1 | Machine for whetting saws | .75 |
| 1 | Tennoning machine | 4.50 |
| Drafting board and square Bevel— | 1.25 | |
| 1 | Noseing sash plane with templets & copes | 4.50 |
| 1 | pr. clamps for clamping doors | 2.17 |
| 1 | Set Bench Planes—double irons.— | 7.50 |
| 1 | Grindstone 300 lbs @ | 6.25 |
| 1 | Stove for shop—$7.25, one elbow .37 & 40 | |
| lbs second hand pipe $4.00 | 11.62 | |
| 1 | Bed moulding | 2.00 |
| 1 | Pr. shears for cutting tin.— | .17 |
| 1 | Morticing Machine | 10.75 |
| 1 | Grecian Ovilo | 1.13 |
| 1-3⁄16 | beed | .67 |
| 1 | Spirit level | 2.25 |
| 1 | Oil stone | .42 |
| 1 | Small trying square | .48 |
| 1 | pareing chisel | .37 |
| 1 | Screw driver | .29 |
| 1 | Bench screw | .75 |
| 1 | Box rule | .50 |
| 1-3⁄4 | Augre | .41 |
| 11 | Gouges | 1.19 |
| 13 | Chisels | 1.17 |
| 1 | small iron vice | .52 |
| 1 | pr. Hollow Rounds | .86 |
| 4 | Framing chisels | 1.05 |
| 1 | Grove plough & Irons—Sold at 4.50 | 5.00 |
| 1 | Sash plane for 1-1⁄4 stuff | 1.50 |
| 1 | Copeing plane | .67 |
| 1 | Bead 1⁄4— | .75 |
| 1 | Bead 3⁄4 | 1.00 |
| 1 | Rabbet (Sold at .92) | .92 |
| 1 | Smooth plane | 1.50 |
| 1 | Strike Block | .92 |
| 1 | Compass saw | .42 |
| 6 | Gauges | 1.83 |
| 1 | Dust brush | .25 |
| 1 | Rasp, or wood file | .25 |
| 1 | Augre 2 in. | .76 |
| 1 | Augre 1 in. | .40 |
| 1 | Do 3⁄4 | .30 |
| 1 | Spoke shave | .50 |
| 1 | Bevel— | .25 |
| 1 | Box rule | .84 |
| 1 | Iron square | 1.42 |
| 1 | Box rule | 1.25 |
| 1 | Spur Rabbet (Sold—1.17) | 1.33 |
| 1 | Pannel plane | 1.25 |
| 1 | Sash plane | 1.25 |
| 1 | pr. Match planes | 2.25 |
| 1 | Two inch chisel or firmer— | .42 |
| 1 | Morticing chisel 3⁄8 | .25 |
| 1 | Large screw driver | 1.00 |
| 1 | Pr. small clamps | .50 |
| 1 | pr. Spring dividers | .92 |
| 1 | do-nippers | .20 |
| 1 | Morticing chisel 1⁄2 in. | .28 |
| 1 | Ovilo & Ostrigal 3⁄4— | 1.25 |
| 1 | Scotia & Ostrigal 5⁄8— | 1.08 |
| 1 | Noseing— | 1.08 |
| 1 | Pr. Hollow & rounds | 1.33 |
| 1 | Ogee— 1⁄2 inch | 1.00 |
| 1 | Ostrigal 7⁄8 inch | 1.00 |
| 1 | Bit— | .15 |
| 1 | Beed 1⁄2 inch | .83 |
| 1 | Claw hammer | .67 |
| 1 | Fillister | 2.50 |
| 2 | Beeds at 5⁄8 | 1.83 |
| 1 | Pair Quirk tools | 1.50 |
| 1 | Side Rabbet plane | .83 |
| 1 | Large steel tongued sq. | 1.71 |
| 1 | Saw & Pad | .67 |
| 1 | pr. fire stones | .50 |
| 1 | small trying sq. | .50 |
| 1 | Set Bench planes double ironed without smooth plane | 6.00 |
| 1 | Bench screw | .75 |
Figure 13.—Early 18th century: In addition to their special function and importance as survivals documenting an outmoded technology, the hand tool often combines a gracefulness of line and a sense of proportion that makes it an object of great decorative appeal. The dividers of the builder or shipwright illustrated here are of French origin and may be valued as much for their cultural significance as for their technical importance. (Smithsonian photo 49792-G.)
By 1900, the carpenter's tool chest, fully stocked and fit for the finest craftsman, contained 90 or more tools. Specialization is readily apparent; the change in, and achievement of, the ultimate design of a specific tool is not so easily pinpointed. Only by comparing illustrations and surviving examples can such an evolution be appreciated and in the process, whether pondering the metamorphosis of a plane, a brace and bit, or an auger, the various stages of change encountered coincide with the rise of modern industrial society.
Figure 14.—1688: Frontispiece From John Brown, The Description and Use of the Carpenter's Rule, London, 1688. (Library of Congress.)
Configuration
Hand tools are often neglected in the search for the pleasing objects of the past. Considered too utilitarian, their decorative appeal—the mellow patina of the wood plane or the delicately tapered legs of a pair of dividers—often goes unnoticed. Surprisingly modern in design, the ancient carpenter's or cabinetmaker's tool has a vitality of line that can, without reference to technical significance, make it an object of considerable grace and beauty. The hand tool is frequently a lively and decorative symbol of a society at a given time—a symbol, which, according to the judges at London's Crystal Palace Exhibition in 1851, gives "indications of the peculiar condition and habits of the people whence they come, of their social and industrial wants and aims, as well as their natural or acquired advantages."[8] The hand tool, therefore, should be considered both as an object of appealing shape and a document illustrative of society and its progress.
Figure 15.—18th century: Cabinetmaker's dividers of English origin. (Private collection. Smithsonian photo 49789-B.)