Qui extra causam divagatur calumniando, punitor.
Whosoever wanders out of his cause by uttering calumny, let him be punished.
Qui facit per alium, facit per se.
He who acts by means of another, acts by himself.
Qui habet jurisdictionem absolvendi, habet jurisdictionem ligandi.
He who has the right of acquitting, has the right of binding.
Qui hæret in litera hæret in cortice.
He who sticks to the letter, sticks merely to the bark.
Qui in alterius locum succedunt justam habent ignorantiæ causam, an id quod petitur deberetur: fide jussores, non minus quam hæredes, justam ignorantiam possunt allegare.
They who succeed in the room of another, have just cause of ignorance; whether that which is sought for be due, the sureties, no less than the heirs, can allege just ignorance.