An action is not allowed to one who has sustained no loss.
Actio non facit reum, nisi mens sit rea.
An action does not constitute a man guilty unless he has a bad intention.
Actio personalis moritur cum persona.
A personal action dies with the person.
Actio pœnalis in hæredem non datur, nisi forte ex damno locupletior hæres factus sit.
A penal action is not sustained against an heir, unless by chance the heir hath become richer by the loss of the party.
Actionum genera maxime sunt servanda.
The nature of actions is strictly to be observed.
Actus incœptus cujus perfectio pendet ex voluntate partium revocari potest; si autem pendet ex voluntate tertiæ personæ vel ex contingenti, revocari non potest.