Vitus Bering: the Discoverer of Bering Strait

by Peter Lauridsen

[INDEX.]

A
Academists, [70], [78]; leave Tobolsk, [81].
Academy of Science, Russian, [57].
Addington, cape, [189].
Admiralty Bay, [145].
Admiralty, Russian, dissatisfaction with Bering, [95].
Afgonak, island, [156].
Aïno, [124].
Akischis, strait, [124].
Alaska, [178].
Aldan, river, [23].
Aleutian Islands, [134], [140];
discovery of, [167], [187].
Aleutians, Nearer, [168].
Aliaska, [161].
Amassoff, [18].
Amchitka, [167].
America Pars, [14].
Anadyr, fort, [42].
Anadyr, river, Cossacks at, [16];
the Gabriel at, [30].
Anadyrsk, [46].
Anian, strait, [13], [15].
Anjou, [110].
Anna Ivanovna, [63].
Apraxin, [9].
Archangel Michael, ship, [100].
Arctic Coast, charting of, [62], [83].
Arctic expeditions, [107].
Arctic explorations, work of Russia and England in, [3].
Arctic foxes, [181].
Arii Kamen, [175].
Asia and America, boundary between,
[13].
Atka, island, [165].
Atna, estuary, [148].
Attu, island, [168].
Avacha, [127], [134], [170], [190].
B
Baikal, lake, [91].
Balshaya, river, [26].
Bancroft, H. H., note on, [64];
note from, [73], [140];
note on identity of Kayak and St. Elias, [149];
note on, [188].
Baranoff Cliff, [109].
Barents, map of, [14].
Bartholomew, cape, [189].
Bear Islands, [18], [67].
Bellini, map by, [20], [118].
Berch, V., authority, [41];
opinion of Bering, [52], [61].
Bering Bay, [144];
incorrect location of, [146].
Bering Island, [51];
discovery of, [169];
description of, [174].
Bering Haven, [149].
Bering Peninsula, [67].
Bering, Rivière de, [145].
Bering Strait, discovery of, [32];
Gvosdjeff in, [130].
Bering, Vitus, first expedition, [2];
nativity, [6];
in Baltic fleet, [9];
in Sea of Azov and Black Sea, [10];
promotions, [10];
in Archangel, [10];
home of, [11];
discharge and re-appointment of, [11];
plans for first expedition, [12];
knowledge of Siberian geography, [19];
starts on first expedition, [21];
at Irkutsk, [22];
at Yakutsk, [22];
in relation to Serdze Kamen, [40];
return to St. Petersburg, [42], [52];
winters at the Fort, [50];
recognition in West Europe, [57];
map by, [57];
plans for Great Northern Expedition, [61];
recommendations to Senate, [65];
instructions to, [66];
chief of Great Northern Expedition, [72];
estimate of, [76], [94];
Russian name of, [77];
report to Admiralty, [89], [195];
accusations against, [94];
wife of, [94];
at Okhotsk, [99];
at Avacha, [128];
plans for expedition to America, [129];
orders from Senate, [131], [134];
taken ill, [140];
discovers American coast, [140];
stay off Kayak Island, [150];
defense of, [152];
determinations of lat., [158];
removed from the St. Peter, [182];
sickness of, [183];
death of, [186];
monument of, [187], [192];
results, [187], [190];
reports of, [190].
Betge, surgeon, [135].
Billings, map by, [45], [145], [148].
Biron, [64], [189].
Blanco, cape, [14], [37].
Blizhni Islands, [168].
Bolsheretsk, [26], [52], [119].
Borkhaya Bay, [92].
Boussale Channel, [120].
Brandt, [180].
Bredal, Peter, [9].
Broughton, Capt., at Kuriles, [120], [123].
Buache, [191].
Byistraya, river, [26].
Bykoff, river, [92].
C
California, [37].
Campbell, Dr., opinion of Bering, [29], [47], [57].
Chamisso, [137].
Chaplin, Peter, [21].
Charitonoff, [167].
Charlesvoix, Peter, Histoire du Japan, [20].
Chegatchoff, [135].
Chekin, [81].
Chelyuskin, [81], [109], [114], [116].
Chelyuskin, cape, [114].
Chirikoff, A., in first expedition, [21];
instructions to, [66], [75], [77], [81], [95], [96], [103], [129], [131], [134], [135];
on Pacific expedition, [139];
results, [188];
at Okhotsk, [190].
Chirikoff Island, [158].
Chi-Shima Islands, [119].
Chukotskoi, cape, doubled by Bering, [32], [44].
Chuckchee Peninsula, [40], [44], [133].
Chukli, island, [145].
Clerke, Capt., [187].
Commander Islands, [169];
description of, [175];
seals on, [179].
Controller Bay, [146].
Cook, Capt., [30];
in Bering Strait, [36];
opinion of Bering, [38], [39], [47], [48], [53], [57], [67], [112], [125], [137];
Bering's place of landing, [144], [147], [156], [158], [191].
Copper, estuary, [148].
Copper Island, discovery of, [169];
description of, [175];
sea-otters on, [178].
Corea, [126].
Cossacks, [16].
Coxe, W., [125].
Cruys, C., made vice-admiral, [8].
D
Dall, W. H., opinion of Bering, [151].
Dalrymple, A., [39].
D'Anville, atlas of, [57].
Deception Islands, [168].
De l'Isle, G., [53] et seq.;
sketch of, [130].
De l'Isle, J. N., [18], [53], [56];
sketch of, [130], [191].
De Löwenörn, Danish admiral, [39].
Deshneff, [16], [20], [110], [111].
Diomede Island, discovery of, [33];
latitude of, [41].
Dixon, [144].
Dolgoruki, [64].
Du Halde, [32], [40].
Dwina, [67], [112].
E
Eared Seals, [178], [179].
East Cape, [32].
Endoguroff, [96].
Engel, Richard, [21].
Euratchey Island, [157].
F
Fairweather, Mt., [144], [145].
Figurnyi, island, [123].
Foggy Island, [158].
Forster, R., [39].
Fortuna, ship, launching of, [25], [100].
Franklin, [21], [68].
Fries, T. M., Prof., [112].
Fur Company, Russo-American, [178].
G
Gabriel, ship, [29], [41], [100], [119].
Gama, Juan de, [55], [133].
Gamaland, [55], [121], [130];
situation of, [133], [134];
search for, [139].
Germans and Frenchmen in Russian service, [53].
Gmelin, J. G., [68];
opinion of Lassenius, [82], [91], [93].
Golovnin, [73].
Gordon, Admiral, [9].
Gore, Capt., [120].
Great Northern Expedition, [72];
leaves St. Petersburg, [77];
transportation of stores, [87];
discontinuance of, [190];
at Tomsk, [190].
Grib, Peder, [9].
Guanahani, [144].
Gvosdjeff, M., discovery of American coast by, [130].
H
Hammond, cape, [148].
Harris, P., [57].
Hartelpol, [135].
Hazius, [40].
Herzenberg, [9].
Hesselberg, [135], [166];
death of, [185].
Holy Cross, bay, [31].
Homann, [16].
Hondius, J., [15].
Hondo, [54].
Hope (Nadeshda), ship, [100].
I
Ilarion, Rev., [21].
Ilim, river, [22].
Ilimsk, [22].
Innuit, [163].
Irkutsk, [72], [74].
Irkutsk, boat, [81].
Irtish, [21].
Iturup, [117], [124].
Ivanoff, [114].
J
Japan Islands, [62], [111];
Spangberg's expedition to, [117] et seq.
Jeço, [124], [133].
Jefdokjejefski Islands, [159].
Jelmerland, [109].
Jerimo, cape, [124].
Jushin, [135].
K
Kadiak Island, [157].
Khariulakh, river, [92], [93].
Kamchadales, [74].
Kamchatka, conquest of, [17], [118];
charting of, [189].
Kamchatka, fort, [27].
Kamchatka, river, [30].
Kara Sea, [62], [109].
Kasanssoff, [94].
Kayak Island, [144];
identity with St. Elias, [146].
Kazan, [78].
Ket, river, [22].
Khatanga, river, [116].
Khitroff, [135], [137], [141], [148], [156], [161], [170].
Khitroff, cape, [173].
Kiriloff, J. K., [52], [57], [65], [69];
support of Bering, [73].
Kiska, island, [167].
Kisseloff, [167].
Kolessoff, [128].
Kolyma, [20].
Kompagniland, [54], [117], [133].
Konosir Island, [124].
Kosyrefski, I., explorations of, [17];
as monk, [19], [52];
at Kuriles, [118].
Kotzebue, [137].
Krasheninnikoff, [92].
Krassilnikoff, [66], [131], [156].
Krusenstern, [125], [146], [157];
essay by, [158].
Kunashir, [123].
Kur, [12].
Kuriles, early knowledge of, [18];
location of, [51];
Spangberg's expedition to, [117], [118];
charting of, [122].
Kurile Strait, [121].
Kushka, [99].
L
La Croyère, L. (L. De L'Isle), [66], [69], [78], [103];
sketch of, [131].
La Pérouse, [67];
at Kuriles, [120], [125], [144], [145].
La Pérouse Strait, [54].
Laptjef, C., [109].
Laptjef, D., [93], [109], [114], [189].
Larionoff, Lieut., [102].
Lassenius, Peter, arctic expedition of, [82], [92];
death of, [93], [96].
Lau, surgeon, [135].
Lauridsen, Peter, reply to Nordenskjöld, [15].
Le Mesurier, cape, [146].
Lena River, [107], [109].
Liakhov Island, discovery of, [16].
Linglin Gaï, [45].
Lopatka, cape, [51].
Losseff, [89].
Lushin, [17];
in Yakutsk, [19], [52], [119], [132].
Lütke, Admiral, defense of Bering, [38], [113].
M
Mackenzie, [21].
Malespina, [144].
Malygin, [109].
Marmot Island, [152], [157].
Martinier, [114].
Matmai, cape, [124].
Maya River, [23].
McClure, [113].
Mednie (Copper Island), [175].
Melnikoff, [67].
Menshikoff, [9], [86].
Mercator. G., [15].
Mexico, [66].
Middendorff, [110], [114], [115], [180].
Minin, [109].
Montague Island, [145], [148].
Monti, Bay de, [145].
Morison, George, [21].
Müller, G. H., [32];
opinion on Serdze Kamen, [42];
at Yakutsk, [44], [53], [68], [91], [93], [118];
refutes De L'Isle, [191].
Munk, Jens, [92].
Münnich, [189].
N
Nadeshda, island, [120].
Nertchinsk, treaty of, [16].
Niakina Cove, [127].
Niemann, Dr., [21].
Nipon, island, [54], [118], [121].
Nordenskjöld, review by, [15], [110], [113]-[115];

note on, [116], [177]-[179].
Northeast passage, [13], [14];
Bering's opinion of, [35];
charting of, [36], [110], [125].
Northwest passage, [113].
Norwegians and Danes in service of Peter the Great, [7].
Notske, cape, [123].
Novaia Zemlia, [109], [111].
Novgorod, [78].
Nystad, peace of, [11].
O
Obdorsk, [81].
Obi River, [21], [107].
Obi, gulf, [100].
Ofzyn, Lieut., [79];
at Obdorsk, [81];
in Gulf of Obi, [93], [109];
saves the St. Peter, [171], [172].
Okhotsk, arrival at, [24], [62], [79];
building of, [99];
fleet in, [103].
Okhotsk, sea of, explorations in, [26].
Olenek, [34], [92].
Ostermann, [64], [73], [189].
Ostrog, Kamchatka, [27].
Othere's, [114].
P
Pallas, [45].
Patience, bay, [123].
Patience, cape, [54].
Patiloff, [21].
Pavlutski, Capt., [43], [45], [83].
Peschel, O., [117], [118], [146].
Petchora, [107].
Peter the Great, Scandinavians in service of, [7];
death of, [21], [63].
Petroff, [96], [119].
Petermann, Dr., [111], [116].
Petropavlovsk, founding of, [127].
Pissarjeff, [65], [83];
quarrel with Bering, [84];
sketch of, [85], [95];
removal of, [103], [126].
Plauting, [93]-[96], [135].
Plenisner, [153].
Pontanus, J. J., [14].
Popoff, Cossack, on Chuckchee peninsula, [17], [66].
Preobrashensky, bay, [31].
Pribyloff Islands, [178].
Prince William's Sound, [145], [148].
Pronchisheff, [81], [92], [93], [96], [109].
R
Reclus, [67].
Remesoff, atlas of, [16].
Ruge, Prof., [117], [119].
Russian fleet, founding of, [9].
S
Saghalin, island, [54];
charting of, [125].
Sarycheff, Admiral, at Kuriles, [120], [146], [148].
Sauer, M., [146];
description of St. Elias, [147].
Saunders, Vice-Admiral, [11].
Savjaloff, [167].
Schaep, H. C., [54].
Schelagskii, cape, [110].
Schelting, Lieut., [119].
Scurvy, [182].
Schwatka, [21].
Sea Cow, [179]: correct scientific name, [179];
extermination of, [179];
importance of, [180].
Sea Lion, [178].
Sea Lion Island, [175].
Sea Otter, [177].
Seljonyi, island, [123].
Semichi Islands, [167].
Semidi Islands, [159].
Senate, Russian, orders of, [64].
Serdze Kamen, cape, [30] et seq.
Shafiroff, [85].
Shantar Islands, [65].
Shestakoff, [18], [56].
Shumagins, discovery of, [161];
stay at, [162], [164].
Siberia, determinations of longitude in, [38];
scientific exploration of, [68].
Sievers, Peter, [9].
Sikotan, island, [123].
Skeving, [9].
Skuratoff, [109].
Soimonoff, [73].
Sokoloff, K., [75];
opinion of Spangberg, [84], [94];
Bering's assistants, [95];
opinion of Bering, [96], [100], [116];
qualifications of, [137], [159];
reproved by Bancroft, [189];
note.
Spangberg. M., in first expedition, [21];
at the Kut, [22];
winter at the Yudoma, [24];
sets sail, [26], [50];
instructions to, [66], [77], [82];
nativity of, [84];
accusations against, [94], [96];
at Okhotsk, [100];
expedition to Japan, [102], [117];
return to Bolsheretsk, [120];
results of expedition, [125];
return to Yakutsk, [126];
at Kirinsk, [126];
return from third expedition to Japan, [190].
Spangberg's Island, [123].
Staaten Eiland, [54], [117], [133].
St. Abraham Island, [168].
Stanovoi Mts., [84], [89].
St. Elias, island, [141] et seq.
Stejneger, L., Dr., translator's preface;
note on, [173], [178];
note by, [174];
description of Steller's Arch, [176];
concerning sea-cow, [179], [180].
Steller, G. W., opinion of Bering's first expedition, [46], [57], [92];
estimate of Bering, [97];
at Okhotsk, [103];
joins the Pacific expedition, [135];
nativity and sketch of, [136];
diary of, [137];
on American soil, [141];
description of St. Elias, [147], [150];
ridicules Bering, [151];
165;
description of animal life, [176];
honored by Stejneger, [176], note;
care of the castaways, [181];
account of Bering's death, [186].
Steller, Mount, [176], note.
Steller's Triumphal Arch, description of, [176], note;
representation of, [177].
Sterlegoff, [80], [109].
St. Hermogenes, island, [152];
discovery of, [156].
St. Johannes, island, [165].
St. Kresta Bay, [31];
the Gabriel at, [31], [46].
St. Lawrence Island, [34], [41].
St. Marcus Island, [167].
St. Paul, ship, building of, [100], [102];
crew of, [135];
course of, [139].
St. Peter, building of, [100], [102];
crew of, [135];
journals of, [137];
course of, [139];
return voyage, [156] et seq.;
at Shumagins, [164];
determinations of latitude by, [167];
stranding of, [172].
Strahlenberg, [18];
outline maps by, [20], [118].
St. Stephen, island, [158], [167].
St. Thaddeus, cape, [30].
Stuxberg, A., Dr., [111].
Suckling, cape, [146].
T
Tabbert (Strahlenberg), [55].
Taimyr, peninsula, [82], [93], [109];
cartography of, [114], [115].
Taroko, islands, [123].
Texeïra, [55].
Three Sisters, islands, [124].
Tigil, [128].
Tobol, [79];
launching of, [80].
Tobolsk, arrival at, [21].
Tolbukhin, Lieut., [102].
Tordenskjold, Peter, note on, [9].
Trane, Thure, [9].
Tumannoi Island, [158].
Tunguska River, [22].
Tuscarora, [139].
U
Udinsk, [62].
Ukamok, island, [158].
Urak, river, [23].
Ural Mts., [68].
Urup, island, [117].
Ustkutsk, [22].
Ust Maiskaya, [88].
V
Vancouver, [67], [144], [148].
Vancouver's Island, [158].
Van Dieman, [54].
Vangondie, R. de, [39].
Van Haven, [78].
Varkhoiansk, [102].
Vega expedition, [109], [113]-[115], [179].
Viligin, [18].
Vlaming, [112].
Volga, [80].
Von Baer, [36], [41], [48], [72], [98], [111], [115];
concerning sea-cow, [180], [192].
Voyage of the Vega, [113]-[115], [179].
Vries, M. de, [54], [117], [124].
W
Walton, [96], [120], [121], [126].
Walvisch Bay, [123].
Waxel, Lieut., [96], [135], [137], [152];
in command of the St. Peter, [161], [167], [169], [170].
Wilster, D., Admiral, [9].
Wingham Island, [146], [147].
Witsen, N., [15].
Wrangell, [110], [113].
Wrangell Island, [18].
Y
Yablonoi, Mts., [16].
Yakutat Bay (Bering Bay), [146].
Yakutsk, [62];
foundry at, [83].
Yakutsk, sloop, [81].
Yelagin, [127].
Yenisei, [22], [107].
Yevrinoff, [17], [119], [132].
Yudoma, river, [23].
Yudomskaya Krest, [23].
Yezo, [14], [117].

I.

II.