#853. Ridiculousness.—N. ridiculousness &c. adj.; comicality, oddity &c. adj.; extravagance, drollery. farce, comedy; burlesque &c. (ridicule) 856; buffoonery &c. (fun) 840; frippery; doggerel verses; absurdity &c. 497; bombast &c. (unmeaning) 517; anticlimax, bathos; eccentricity, monstrosity &c. (unconformity) 83; laughingstock &c. 857. V. be ridiculous &c. adj.; pass from the sublime to the ridiculous; make one laugh; play the fool, make a fool of oneself, commit an absurdity. Adj. ridiculous, ludicrous; comical; droll, funny, laughable, pour rire, grotesque, farcical, odd; whimsical, whimsical as a dancing bear; fanciful, fantastic, queer, rum, quizzical, quaint, bizarre; screaming; eccentric &c. (unconformable) 83; strange, outlandish, out of the way, baroque, weird; awkward &c. (ugly) 846. extravagant, outre, monstrous, preposterous, bombastic, inflated, stilted, burlesque, mock heroic. drollish; seriocomic, tragicomic; gimcrack, contemptible &c. (unimportant) 643; doggerel; ironical &c. (derisive) 856; risible. Phr. risum teneatis amici [Horace]; rideret Heraclitus; du sublime au ridicule il n'y a qu'un pas [Napoleon].

#854. Fop.—N. fop, fine gentleman; swell; dandy, dandiprat|!; exquisite, coxcomb, beau, macaroni, blade, blood, buck, man about town, fast man; fribble, milliner|!; Jemmy Jessamy|!, carpet knight; masher, dude. fine lady, coquette; flirt, vamp.

#855. Affectation.—N. affectation; affectedness &c. adj.; acting a part &c. v.; pretense &c. (falsehood) 544, (ostentation) 882; boasting &c. 884. charlatanism, quackery, shallow profundity; pretension, airs, pedantry, purism, precisianism, euphuism; teratology &c. (altiloquence) 577. mannerism, simagree, grimace. conceit, foppery, dandyism, man millinery, coxcombry, puppyism. stiffness, formality, buckram; prudery, demureness, coquetry, mock modesty, minauderie, sentimentalism; mauvais honte, false shame. affector, performer, actor; pedant, pedagogue, doctrinaire, purist, euphuist, mannerist; grimacier; lump of affectation, precieuse ridicule[Fr], bas bleu[Fr], blue stocking, poetaster; prig; charlatan &c. (deceiver) 548; petit maitre &c. (fop) 854; flatterer &c. 935; coquette, prude, puritan. V. affect, act a part, put on; give oneself airs &c. (arrogance) 885; boast &c. 884; coquet; simper, mince, attitudinize, pose; flirt a fan; overact, overdo. Adj. affected, full of affectation, pretentious, pedantic, stilted, stagy, theatrical, big-sounding, ad captandum; canting, insincere. not natural, unnatural; self-conscious; maniere; artificial; overwrought, overdone, overacted; euphuist &c. 577. stiff, starch, formal, prim, smug, demure, tire a quatre epingles, quakerish, puritanical, prudish, pragmatical, priggish, conceited, coxcomical, foppish, dandified; finical, finikin; mincing, simpering, namby-pamby, sentimental. Phr. "conceit in weakest bodies strongest works" [Hamlet].

#856. Ridicule.—N. ridicule, derision; sardonic smile, sardonic
grin; irrision[obs3]; scoffing &c. (disrespect) 929; mockery, quiz|!,
banter, irony, persiflage, raillery, chaff, badinage; quizzing &c. v.;
asteism[obs3].
squib, satire, skit, quip, quib[obs3], grin.
parody, burlesque, travesty, travestie[obs3]; farce &c. (drama) 599;
caricature.
buffoonery &c. (fun) 840; practical joke; horseplay.
scorn, contempt &c. 930.
V. ridicule[transitive], deride, mock, taunt; snigger; laugh in
one's sleeve; tease[ridicule lightly], badinage, banter, rally, chaff,
joke, twit, quiz, roast; haze [U.S.]; tehee[obs3]; fleer[obs3]; show up.
[i.p.] play upon, play tricks upon; fool to the top of one's bent;
laugh at, grin at, smile at; poke fun at.
satirize, parody, caricature, burlesque, travesty.
turn into ridicule; make merry with; make fun of, make game of, make a
fool of, make an April fool of[obs3]; rally; scoff &c. (disrespect) 929.
raise a laugh &c. (amuse) 840; play the fool, make a fool of oneself.
Adj. derisory, derisive; mock, mocking; sarcastic, ironic, ironical,
quizzical, burlesque, Hudibrastic[obs3]; scurrilous &c. (disrespectful)
929.
Adv. in ridicule &c. n.

#857. [Object and cause of ridicule.] Laughingstock.—N.
laughingstock, jestingstock[obs3], gazingstock[obs3]; butt, game, fair
game; April fool &c. (dupe) 547[obs3].
original, oddity; queer fish, odd fish; quiz, square toes; old monkey,
old fogey, fogey monkey, fogy monkey; buffoon &c. (jester) 844; pantomimist
&c. (actor) 599.
schlemiel.
jest &c. (wit) 842.
Phr. dum vitant stulti vitia in contraria currunt[Lat].

3. PROSPECTIVE AFFECTIONS

#858. Hope.—N. hope, hopes; desire &c. 865; fervent hope, sanguine
expectation, trust, confidence, reliance; faith &c. (belief) 484; affiance,
assurance; secureness, security; reassurance.
good omen, good auspices; promise, well grounded hopes; good prospect,
bright prospect; clear sky.
assumption, presumption; anticipation &c. (expectation) 507.
hopefulness, buoyancy, optimism, enthusiasm, heart of grace,
aspiration.
[person who is hopeful] optimist, utopian, utopist[obs3].

castles in the air, castles in Spain, chateaux en Espagne[Fr], le pot aut lait[Fr], Utopia, millennium; day dream, golden dream; dream of Alnaschar[obs3]; airy hopes, fool's paradise; mirage &c. (fallacies of vision) 443; fond hope. beam of hope, ray of hope, gleam of hope, glimmer of hope, flash of hope, dawn of hope, star of hope; cheer; bit of blue sky, silver lining, silver lining of the cloud, bottom of Pandora's box, balm in Gilead; light at the end of the tunnel. anchor, sheet anchor, mainstay; staff &c. (support) 215; heaven &c. 981. V. hope, trust, confide, rely on, put one's trust in; lean upon; pin one's hope upon, pin one's faith upon &c. (believe) 484. feel hope, entertain hope, harbor hope, indulge hope, cherish hope, feed hope, foster hope, nourish hope, encourage hope, cling to hope, live in hope, &c. n.; see land; feel assured, rest assured, feel confident, rest confident &c. adj. presume; promise oneself; expect &c. (look forward to) 507. hope for &c. (desire) 865; anticipate. be hopeful &c. adj.; look on the bright side of, view on the sunny side, voir en couleur de rose[Fr], make the best of it, hope for the best; put a good face upon, put a bold face upon, put the best face upon; keep one's spirits up; take heart, take heart of grace; be of good heart, be of good cheer; flatter oneself, "lay the flattering unction to one's soul" catch at a straw[hamlet], hope against hope, reckon one's chickens before they are hatched, count one's chickens before they are hatched. [cause hope] give hope, inspire hope, raise hope, hold out hope &c. n.; promise, bid fair, augur well, be in a fair way, look up, flatter, tell a flattering tale; raise expectations[sentient subject]; encourage, cheer, assure, reassure, buoy up, embolden. Adj. hoping &c. v.; in hopes &c. n.; hopeful, confident; secure &c. (certain) 484; sanguine, in good heart, buoyed up, buoyant, elated, flushed, exultant, enthusiastic; heartsome[obs3]; utopian. unsuspecting, unsuspicious; fearless, free from fear, free from suspicion, free from distrust, free from despair, exempt from fear, exempt from suspicion, exempt from distrust, exempt from despair; undespairing[obs3], self reliant. probable, on the high road to; within sight of shore, within sight of land; promising, propitious; of promise, full of promise; of good omen; auspicious, de bon augure[Fr]; reassuring; encouraging, cheering, inspiriting, looking up, bright, roseate, couleur de rose[Fr], rose- colored. Adv. hopefully &c. adj. Int. God speed! Phr. nil desperandum [Lat][Horace]; never say die, dum spiro spero[Lat], latet scintillula forsan[Lat], all is for the best, spero meliora[Lat]; every cloud has a silver lining; "the wish being father to the thought" [Henry IV]; "hope told a flattering tale"; rusticus expectat dum defluat amnis[Lat][obs3]. at spes non fracta[Lat]; ego spem prietio non emo [Lat][Terence]; un Dieu est ma fiance[Fr]; "hope! thou nurse of young desire" [Bickerstaff]; in hoc signo spes mea[Lat]; in hoc signo vinces[Lat]; la speranza e il pan de miseri[It]; l'esperance est le songe d'un homme eveille[Fr]; "the mighty hopes that make us men" [Tennyson]; "the sickening pang of hope deferred" [Scott].

#859. [Absence, want or loss of hope.] Hopelessness.—N. hopelessness &c. adj.; despair, desperation; despondency, depression &c. (dejection) 837; pessimism, pessimist; Job's comforter; bird of bad omen, bird of ill omen. abandonment, desolation; resignation, surrender, submission &c. 725. hope deferred, dashed hopes; vain expectation &c. (disappointment) 509. airy hopes &c. &c 858; forlorn hope; gone case, dead duck, gone coon* [U.S.]; goner*; bad job, bad business; enfant perdu[Fr]; gloomy horizon, black spots in the horizon; slough of Despond, cave of Despair; immedicabile vulnus[Lat]. V. despair; lose all hope, give up all hope, abandon all hope, relinquish all hope, lose the hope of, give up the hope of, abandon the hope of, relinquish the hope of; give up, give over; yield to despair; falter; despond &c. (be dejected) 837; jeter le manche apres la cognee[Fr]. inspire despair, drive to despair &c. n.; disconcert; dash one's hopes, crush one's hopes, destroy one's hopes; hope against hope. abandon; resign, surrender, submit &c. 725. Adj. hopeless, desperate, despairing, gone, in despair, au desespoir[Fr], forlorn, desolate; inconsolable &c. (dejected) 837; broken hearted. unpromising, unpropitious; inauspicious, ill-omened, threatening, clouded over. out of the question, not to be thought of; impracticable &c. 471; past hope, past cure, past mending, past recall; at one's last gasp &c. (death) 360; given up, given over. incurable, cureless, immedicable, remediless, beyond remedy; incorrigible; irreparable, irremediable, irrecoverable, irreversible, irretrievable, irreclaimable, irredeemable, irrevocable; ruined, undone; immitigable. Phr. "lasciate ogni speranza voi ch'entrate" [Dante]; its days are numbered; the worst come to the worst; "no change, no pause, no hope, yet I endure" [Shelley]; "O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon" [Milton]; "mene mene tekel upharson" [Old Testament].

#860. Fear.—N. fear, timidity, diffidence, want of confidence; apprehensiveness, fearfulness &c. adj.; solicitude, anxiety, care, apprehension, misgiving; feeze [obs3][U.S.]; mistrust &c. (doubt) 485; suspicion, qualm; hesitation &c. (irresolution) 605. nervousness, restlessness &c. adj.; inquietude, disquietude, worry, concern; batophobia[obs3]; heartquake[obs3]; flutter, trepidation, fear and trembling, perturbation, tremor, quivering, shaking, trembling, throbbing heart, palpitation, ague fit, cold sweat; abject fear &c. (cowardice) 862; mortal funk, heartsinking[obs3], despondency; despair &c. 859. fright; affright, affrightment[obs3]; boof alarm[obs3][U.S.], dread, awe, terror, horror, dismay, consternation, panic, scare, stampede [of horses]. intimidation, terrorism, reign of terror. [Object of fear] bug bear, bugaboo; scarecrow; hobgoblin &c. (demon) 980; nightmare, Gorgon, mormo[obs3], ogre, Hurlothrumbo[obs3], raw head and bloody bones, fee-faw-fum, bete noire[Fr], enfant terrible[Fr]. alarmist &c. (coward) 862. V. fear, stand in awe of; be afraid &c. adj.; have qualms &c. n.; apprehend, sit upon thorns, eye askance; distrust &c. (disbelieve) 485. hesitate &c. (be irresolute) 605; falter, funk, cower, crouch; skulk &c. (cowardice) 862; "let 'I dare not' wait upon 'I would'"; take fright, take alarm; start, wince, flinch, shy, shrink; fly &c. (avoid) 623. tremble, shake; shiver, shiver in one's shoes; shudder, flutter; shake like an aspen leaf, tremble like an aspen leaf, tremble all over; quake, quaver, quiver, quail. grow pale, turn pale; blench, stand aghast; not dare to say one's soul is one's own. inspire fear, excite fear, inspire awe, excite awe; raise aprehensions[obs3]; be in a daze, bulldoze [U. S.]; faze, feeze [obs3][U. S.]; give an alarm, raise an alarm, sound an alarm; alarm, startle, scare, cry "wolf," disquiet, dismay; fright, frighten, terrify; astound; fright from one's propriety; fright out of one's senses, fright out of one's wits, fright out of one's seven senses; awe; strike all of a heap, strike an awe into, strike terror; harrow up the soul, appall, unman, petrify, horrify; pile on the agony. make one's flesh creep, make one's hair stand on end, make one's blood run cold, make one's teeth chatter; take away one's breath, stop one's breath; make one tremble &c. haunt; prey on the mind, weigh on the mind. put in fear, put in bodily fear; terrorize, intimidate, cow, daunt, overawe, abash, deter, discourage; browbeat, bully; threaten &c. 909. Adj. fearing &c. v.; frightened &c. v.; in fear, in a fright &c. n.; haunted with the fear of &c. n.; afeard[obs3]. afraid, fearful; timid, timorous; nervous, diffident, coy, faint- hearted, tremulous, shaky, afraid of one's shadow, apprehensive, restless, fidgety; more frightened than hurt. aghast; awe-stricken, horror-stricken, terror-stricken, panic- stricken, awestruck, awe-stricken, horror-struck; frightened to death, white as a sheet; pale, pale as a ghost, pale as death, pale as ashes; breathless, in hysterics. inspiring fear &c. v.; alarming; formidable, redoubtable; perilous &c. (danger) 665; portentous; fearful; dread, dreadful; fell; dire, direful; shocking; terrible, terrific; tremendous; horrid, horrible, horrific; ghastly; awful, awe-inspiring; revolting &c. (painful) 830; Gorgonian. Adv. in terrorem[Lat]. Int. "angels and ministers of grace defend us!" [Hamlet]. Phr. ante tubam trepidat[Latin]; horresco referens[Latin], one's heart failing one, obstupui steteruntque comae et vox faucibus haesit [Lat][Vergil]. "a dagger of the mind" [Macbeth]; expertus metuit [Lat][Horace]; "fain would I climb but that I fear to fall" [Raleigh]; "fear is the parent of cruelty" [Froude]; "Gorgons and hydras and chimeras dire" [Paradise Lost]; omnia tuta timens [Latin][Vergil]; "our fears do make us traitors" [Macbeth].