Ziony, Israel, [423]
Zirndorf, Dr. Henry, [155]
Zollschan, “Das Rassenproblem,” [3]
Zunser, Eliakim, [418]
Zuntz, Alexander, [105]
Footnotes.
| [1] – | A remarkable work by Werner Sombart, Die Juden and das Wirtschaftsleben (Leipsic 1911), which appeared after the above was written, deals exhaustively with the important part which the Jews played in the development of business and finance in medieval as well as in modern times. While it is avowedly a partisan work written for a special purpose, it is a notable contribution to social-economic Jewish history which no student of the subject can afford to neglect. |
| [2] – | A fac-simile of this map is found in the “Jewish Encyclopedia,” vol. III., opp. p. 678. |
| [3] – | There is a record that it was not Columbus himself but a sailor from Lepe who first saw a distant light and cried “land!” and who, when he found that he had been defrauded of the gratuity, obtained his discharge, went to Africa and there discarded Christianity for his old faith. But the chronicler does not inform us whether the sailor’s old faith was Judaism or Islam. |
| [4] – | This subject is treated extensively in the chapter headed “Services rendered by the Jews to the Dutch, 1623–44,” in Mr. Simon Wolf’s valuable work “The American Jew as Patriot, Soldier and Citizen,” p. 443 ff., and in the monogram “Damage done to Spanish Interests in America by Jews of Holland,” which is incorporated in the “Publications,” vol. XVII. |
| [5] – | Rabbi P. A. Hilfman of Paramaribo, Surinam, in “Publications” XVI, p. 7 ff., supplementing the chronology made by Prof. Richard Gottheil in the same Publications at the beginning of Vol. IV. See also Rev. J. S. Roos of the Dutch Congreg. in Paramaribo, Ibid. Vol. XIII, pp. 126 ff. |
| [6] – | Daly, “The Settlement of the Jews in North America,” p. 7 ff. The names of those early immigrants (some of them coming from Holland about the same time) as far as can be gathered from the records, are as follows: Abraham d’Lucena, David Israel, Moses Ambrosius, Abraham de la Simon, Salvatore d’Andrade, Joseph da Costa, David Frera, Jacob Barsimson, Jacob C. Henrique (or Jacob Cohen), Isaac Mesa and Asser Levy. |
| [7] – | Judge Daly himself, however, sees no ground for inferring that the decision proceeded from aversion. He thinks it was simply a question of law. The law of New York colony was especially modeled upon that of the mother country. New York was a conquered province, and when it was taken from the Dutch, the English mode of procedure in all matters of law and government was introduced bodily; and from this circumstance English forms, precedents and modes of proceeding came into use to an extent that did not prevail in other colonies where the people themselves had been left to originate and frame such a system of government and laws as was suggested by their wants and most conducive to their interests. The Legislative Assembly was therefore simply declaring the law as it existed in England at that time. (l. c.) |
| [8] – | Oscar S. Straus, “The Origin of the Republican Form of Government in the United States,” p. 48. |
| [9] – | See Oppenheim, “The Jews and Masonry,” in “Publications” XIX, pp. 9 ff., for an interesting treatment of the discussion about the authenticity of this statement. |
| [10] – | For a list of their names see “Publications” XVII, pp. 168–69. |
| [11] – | Lecky, Rationalism in Europe, vol. II, 168, quoted in Straus, Origin of Republican Form of Government in the United States, pp. 19 ff., which see for an extensive treatment of this subject. |
| [12] – | Another great American clergyman, Dr. Henry M. Field (1822–1907), who wrote about a century later, also found in the Jewish polity much that was later adopted in the Constitution of the United States. In his work On the Desert (New York, 1883), he says: “Perhaps it does not often occur to readers of the Old Testament that there is much likeness between the Hebrew Commonwealth and the American Republic.... At the bottom there is one radical principle that divides a republic from a monarchy or an aristocracy; it is the natural equality of men—that “all men are born free and equal”—which is fully recognized in the laws of Moses as in the Declaration of Independence. Indeed, the principle is carried further in the Hebrew Commonwealth than in ours; for not only was there equality before the laws, but the laws aimed to produce equality of condition in one point, and that a vital one—the tenure of land, of which even the poorest could not be deprived, so that in this respect the Hebrew Commonwealth approached more nearly to a pure democracy.” See a more extensive quotation in Simon Wolf’s The American Jew as Patriot, Soldier and Citizen, pp. 494–98. |
| [13] – | A drawing of this design is printed as the frontispiece of Mr. Straus’s above-named work. |
| [14] – | See Dr. M. Kayserling. A Memorial Sent by German Jews to the President of the Continental Congress, in “Publications” VI, pp. 5–8, where it is also stated that the letter was wrongly attributed to Moses Mendelssohn (1729–86). |
| [15] – | The American Jew as Patriot, Soldier and Citizen, by Simon Wolf, edited by Louis Edward Levy, Philadelphia, 1895. |
| [16] – | Aaron Levy (b. in Amsterdam, 1742; d. in Philadelphia, 1815), who was also of great assistance to the colonies in their struggle for independence, was a partner of Robert Morris in various enterprises in Pennsylvania. The town of Aaronsburg, Center County, Pa., was founded by Levy and is named after him. (See “Jew. Encyclopedia,” s. v., Aaronsburg and Levy, Aaron.) |
| [17] – | A fac-simile of Washington’s reply is found in the “Jewish Encyclopedia,” vol. IX, between pp. 294–95. |
| [18] – | See Hyman Polock Rosenbach, The Jews in Philadelphia prior to 1800, pp. 22–23, ff., Philadelphia, 1883. |
| [19] – | See Oppenheim, The Jews and Masonry, in “Publications,” vol. XIX, 1–94, for the sources of most of the references to Masonry in this work. |
| [20] – | A description of this highly interesting Jewish family, by Gratz Mordecai, is found in “Publications,” VI, pp. 39–48. |
| [21] – | See Max J. Kohler, Phases in the History of Religious Liberty in America ... in “Publications,” XI, pp. 53–73, where the subject is extensively treated and the sources are given. |
| [22] – | See Jacob Ezekiel, The Jews of Richmond, in “Publications,” IV, pp. 21–27. |
| [23] – | See Leon Hühner, Religious Liberty in North Carolina, in “Publications,” XVI, pp. 37–71, for the facts and the sources, and also for Henry’s speech, which is too long to be reproduced here. The speech is also found in Selections for Homes and Schools, by Marion L. Misch, pp. 305–10, issued by the Jewish Publication Society of America in 1911. |
| [24] – | See Jewish Encyclopedia, VIII. pp. 353–54, s. v., Martinique; and also Oppenheim in “Publications,” XVIII. pp. 17–18. |
| [25] – | See J. H. Hollander, Civil Status of the Jews in Maryland, in “Publications,” II. pp. 33–44; the article Maryland in the “Jewish Encyclopedia” and Blum’s History of the Jews of Baltimore. |
| [26] – | Daly, p. 112, et seq.; see also Wolf, Mordecai Manuel Noah, Philadelphia, 1897, and Jewish Encyclopedia, s. v., Noah. |
| [27] – | See Philipson, The Jewish Pioneers in the Ohio Valley, in “Publications,” VIII, pp. 43 et seq.; also Markens, pp. 100–104, and Jewish Encyclopedia, s. v. Cincinnati. |
| [28] – | See Leon Hühner, The first Jew to hold the Office of Governor of one of the United States in “Publications,” XVII, pp. 187–95. |
| [29] – | The lines read as follows: Amos and Judah—venerated names! Patriarch and prophet, press their equal claims. Like generous coursers running neck and neck, Each aids the work by giving it a check. Christian and Jew, they carry out a plan— For though of different faith, each is in heart a man. |
| [30] – | See H. Eliassof, The Jews of Chicago, in “Publications,” XI, which also appeared separately. |
| [31] – | See the papers contributed by Rev. Henry Cohen, of Galveston, Tex., to the “Publications,” Vols. II, IV, V, on the Jews of Texas (the last being on Henry Castro) and his article “Texas” in the Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol. XII. |
| [32] – | Henry S. Morais, The Jews of Philadelphia, p. 45. |
| [33] – | The list of these members as given by J. D. Eisenstein in his History of the first Russian-American Jewish Congregation in Publications IX, pp. 63–74, is as follows: Benjamin Lichtenstein, Judah Middleman, Abraham Benjamin (of Hamburg), Abraham Joseph Ash, Joshua Rothstein, Israel Cohen, Abba Baum, David Lasky, Leib Cohen, Baruch Solomon Rothschild, Elijah Greenstein, Feibel Philips (the scribe), Abraham Reiner, Tobias Schwartz, Abraham Levy (of Raczki), Hyman Harris, Leibel Raczker, Samuel Hillel Isaacs, Jerahmel Chuck (of Berlin), Isidor Raphall and Jacob Levy. The first twelve were the original members. |
| [34] – | See A. M. Friedenberg, Publications, Calendar of American-Jewish Cases, XII, pp. 87 et seq. |
| [35] – | Jost, Neuere Geschichte der Israeliten, ii, pp. 360–68. See also Jacob Ezekiel, Persecution of the Jews in 1840, “Publications,” VIII, pp. 141–45, and Joseph Jacobs, The Damascus Affair of 1840 and the Jews of America, ibid. x, pp. 119–28. |
| [36] – | See Sol. M. Stroock Switzerland and the American Jews, “Publications” XI, pp. 7–52, and Cyrus Adler, Jews in American Diplomatic Correspondence, ibid. XV, pp. 25–39, for ample treatment of the subject, including numerous documents and copious references. |
| [37] – | See Max J. Kohler in article Antislavery Movement in America in “Jew. Encyclopedia.” |
| [38] – | See Markens, Lincoln and the Jews in “Publications,” XVII, pp. 10–65, for a more detailed treatment of the subject of this chapter. |
| [39] – | The American Jew as Patriot, Soldier and Citizen, p. 6. |
| [40] – | Pierce Butler, Judah P. Benjamin, Philadelphia, 1907, p. 62. This complete biographical work is the only one of its kind written of an American Jew, and practically supersedes all that was written about Benjamin before. |
| [41] – | See Kohler, German-Jewish Migration to America in “Publications” IX, 96 ff. |
| [42] – | Rev. Joseph Krauskopf, Half a Century of Judaism in the United States, in “The American Jews’ Annual” for 5648, p. 87. |
| [43] – | See Dr. Isaac Rülf (1834–1902), Die Russische Juden, Memel, 1892, p. 4 ff. |
| [44] – | Adele Szold in Emma Lazarus, a biographical sketch, in “The Hebrew Standard” for December 1, 1905. |
| [45] – | See Morais, The Jews of Philadelphia, p. 142, and also Constitution of the Jewish Alliance of America, etc., Philadelphia, 1891. |
| [46] – | John R. Commons, in his report on “Immigration and Its Economic Effects,” quoted in the article “Trade Unionism” in The Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. XII. |
| [47] – | See article “Migration” in the Jewish Encyclopedia, where the figures are interesting but the sources do not justify complete reliability. |
| [48] – | See The American Passport in Russia in the American Jewish Year Book for 5665; also The Passport Question in Congress, ibid. for 5670. |
| [49] – | See Abstract of the Report on Federal Immigration Legislation by the Immigration Commission, issued by the Government, Washington, 1911. |
| [50] – | See his The Jews and the American Sunday Laws in “Publications,” XI, pp. 101–15 (also note ibid., XII, pp. 171–73), and his Sunday Laws in the United States and Leading Judicial Decisions Having Special Reference to the Jews in The American Jewish Year Book for 5669, pp. 152–89. |
| [51] – | See Preliminary list of Jewish Soldiers and Sailors who served in the Spanish-American War in The American Jewish Year Book for 5661, pp. 525–622. |
| [52] – | American-Jewish Year Book for 5661 (1900–1901). |
| [53] – | See Adler, Jews in American Diplomatic Correspondence, “Publications” XV, pp. 48–73. |
| [54] – | Rabbi Maximilian Heller in American Jewish Year Book for 5664. p. 21. |
| [55] – | See Adler, The Voice of America on Kishineff, Philadelphia, 1904. Among the books which appeared in the United States on this subject are also Russia at the Bar of the American People, by Isidore Singer, New York, 1904, and Within the Pale, New York, 1903, by the Irish patriot, Michael Davitt, who was sent to Russia soon after the massacre as a representative of Mr. Hearst’s papers. |
| [56] – | Volume XIV of the Publications is devoted to the proceedings and the addresses of this celebration. It also appeared in a separate volume entitled The Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Settlement of the Jews in the United States. New York, 1906. |
| [57] – | See American-Jewish Year Book for 5667, pp. 230, 233, 234. |
| [58] – | See above, [Chapter XXXI.] |
| [59] – | See Kohler in Publications IV, p. 87. See also for the sources of this chapter “Publications” I, pp. 117–120, and the article “Canada” in the Jewish Encyclopedia. |
| [60] – | Enquete sur la Population Israelite en Argentine, in the “Rapport de l’Administration Centrale ...” of the I. C. A. for 1909. Paris, 1910. pp. 251–308. |
| [61] – | See Jew. Encyclopedia, Vol. III, p. 326–27. |
| [62] – | Those who want to follow up the subject, which is by no means uninteresting, are referred to Early Jewish Literature in America, by Geo. A. Kohut, in “Publications” III, pp. 103–47, and to J. D. Eisenstein’s The Development of Jewish Casuistic Literature in America, ibid. XII, pp. 139–47. |
| [63] – | See Dr. B. Drachman, Neo-Hebraic Literature in America, appended to the Seventh Biennial Report of the Jewish Theological Seminary Ass’n (New York, 1900). |
| [64] – | The figures are based on the exhaustive though necessarily incomplete Directory of Jewish Local Organizations in the United States, which appeared in the “American-Jewish Year Book” for 5668 (published in 1907), and allowance must be made for some omissions, as well as for increases in the last five years. |
Transcriber’s Note.
| The cover image was provided by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain. | |
| Punctuation has been standardized. | |
| This book was written in a period when many words had not become standardized in their spelling. Words may have multiple spelling variations or inconsistent hyphenation in the text. These have been left unchanged unless indicated with a Transcriber’s Note.. | |
| The alphabetical order of the Index has been corrected but the references have not been checked for accuracy. | |
| The following corrections have been made in the text: | |
| [○] – | ‘Paramaraibo’ replaced with ‘Paramaribo’ (The community of Paramaribo) |
| [○] – | ‘Nasi’ replaced with ‘Nassi’ (David Nassi and the colony) |
| [○] – | ‘Popineau’s’ replaced with ‘Papineau’s’ (against Papineau’s rebellion) |
| [○] – | ‘Manasse’ replaced with ‘Manasseh’ (than Manasseh Ben Israel) |
| [○] – | ‘Juanna’ replaced with ‘Juana’ (Queen Juana of Castille) |
| [○] – | ‘Gonzolo’ replaced with ‘Gonzalo’ (Gonzalo de Luna) |
| [○] – | ‘Parahibo’ replaced with ‘Parahiba’ (Rio de Janeiro and Parahiba.) |
| [○] – | ‘Paramaraibo’ replaced with ‘Paramaribo’ (The community of Paramaribo) |
| [○] – | ‘Nasi’ replaced with ‘Nassi’ (David Nassi and the colony) |
| [○] – | ‘Calaby’ replaced with ‘Calabi’ (Israel Calabi Cid) |
| [○] – | ‘Noach’ replaced with ‘Noah’ (In 1772 Noah Isaaks) |
| [○] – | ‘De’ replaced with ‘Da’ (David Da Costa) |
| [○] – | ‘Willemstad’ replaced with ‘Willemsted’ (present district of Willemsted) |
| [○] – | ‘some’ replaced with ‘same’ (on the same scale) |
| [○] – | ‘Gomes’ replaced with ‘Gomez’ (David Gomez Henriques) |
| [○] – | ‘Amreica’ replaced with ‘America’ (came to America about 1755) |
| [○] – | ‘renderd’ replaced with ‘rendered’ (Several other Jews rendered) |
| [○] – | ‘seperation’ replaced with ‘separation’ (The separation of Church and) |
| [○] – | ‘it’ replaced with ‘is’ (of whom it is not certain) |
| [○] – | ‘pariot’ replaced with ‘patriot’ (the haven for patriot refugees) |
| [○] – | ‘Hyam’ replaced with ‘Haym’ (His son, Haym M. Salomon) and (great-grandson of Haym Salomon) |
| [○] – | ‘propogated’ replaced with ‘propagated’ (and propagated with enthusiasm) |
| [○] – | ‘Berith’ replaced with ‘B’rith’ (into a B’nai B’rith lodge) |
| [○] – | ‘Hyam’ replaced with ‘Haym’ (that of Haym Harris) |
| [○] – | ‘Kehilat’ replaced with ‘Kehillah’ (The “Kehillah Anshe Maarab”) |
| [○] – | ‘Greenbaum’ replaced with ‘Greenebaum’ (Henry Greenebaum (b. in Germany, 1833)) |
| [○] – | ‘rabinate’ replaced with ‘rabbinate’ (He gave up the rabbinate) |
| [○] – | ‘bcome’ replaced with ‘become’ (to become rabbi of) |
| [○] – | ‘Penteteuch’ replaced with ‘Pentateuch’ (began a translation of the Pentateuch) |
| [○] – | ‘consevative’ replaced with ‘conservative’ (a more conservative course) |
| [○] – | ‘appeard’ replaced with ‘appeared’ (which appeared anonymously) |
| [○] – | ‘Würtemburg’ replaced with ‘Würtemberg’ (Max Einstein (b. in Würtemberg) |
| [○] – | ‘Colonal’ replaced with ‘Colonel’ (Lieutenant-Colonel Leopold C. Newman) |
| [○] – | ‘Kehillat’ replaced with ‘Kehillah’ (Kehillah Anshe Maarab of Chicago) |
| [○] – | ‘Polland’ replaced with ‘Poland’ (emigrants from Russian-Poland) ‘cosiderable’ replaced with ‘considerable’ (followed by considerable emigration) |
| [○] – | ‘Sarahson’ replaced with ‘Sarasohn’ (His brother-in-law, Kasriel H. Sarasohn) |
| [○] – | ‘Henriette’ replaced with ‘Henrietta’ (by Miss Henrietta Szold.) |
| [○] – | ‘Missiouri’ replaced with ‘Missouri’ (farmers in Kansas and Missouri.) |
| [○] – | ‘landsleute’ replaced with ‘landsleut’ (The “landsleut” meet there) |
| [○] – | ‘wealtheir’ replaced with ‘wealthier’ (older and wealthier members) ‘snyagogue’ replaced with ‘synagogue’ (the position of a synagogue) |
| [○] – | ‘somehwat’ replaced with ‘somewhat’ (had somewhat relaxed) |
| [○] – | ‘precense’ replaced with ‘presence’ (and demands their presence) |
| [○] – | ‘Maritz’ replaced with ‘Moritz’ (and Moritz Ellinger) |
| [○] – | ‘on’ replaced with ‘an’ (offered the Jews an opportunity) |
| [○] – | ‘Sosnitz’ replaced with ‘Sossnitz’ (the philosopher Joseph Loeb Sossnitz) |
| [○] – | ‘arguments’s’ replaced with ‘argument’s’ (for the argument’s sake) |
| [○] – | ‘umost’ replaced with ‘utmost’ (exploited to the utmost extent) |
| [○] – | ‘cannoot’ replaced with ‘cannot’ (people who cannot utilize) |
| [○] – | ‘Popineau’ replaced with ‘Papineau’ (against Papineau’s rebellion) |
| [○] – | ‘Mickveh’ replaced with ‘Mickweh’ (rabbi of Congregation Mickweh Israel) |
| [○] – | ‘Ottowa’ replaced with ‘Ottawa’ (Ottawa, Quebec, Regina) |
| [○] – | ‘succsssful’ replaced with ‘successful’ (are successful and their future) |
| [○] – | ‘Maranos’ replaced with ‘Marranos’ (formerly as Marranos) |
| [○] – | ‘Luxemburg’ replaced with ‘Luxembourg’ (for the Luxembourg gallery) |
| [○] – | ‘emonomy’ replaced with ‘economy’ (professor of political economy) |
| [○] – | ‘subect’ replaced with ‘subject’ (standard works on the subject) |
| [○] – | ‘Josep’ replaced with ‘Joseph’ (Rabbi Joseph Moses Aronson) |
| [○] – | ‘Ettelsohn’ replaced with ‘Ettelson’ (edited by N. B. Ettelson) |
| [○] – | ‘Omoha’ replaced with ‘Omaha’ (died in Omaha, Neb.) |
| [○] – | ‘Mabazine’ replaced with ‘Magazine’ (The New Era Illustrated Magazine) |
| [○] – | ‘Josephr’ replaced with ‘Joseph’ (edited by Joseph Selig Glick) |
| [○] – | ‘proporton’ replaced with ‘proportion’ (Not only the proportion) |
| [○] – | ‘Jewisht’ replaced with ‘Jewish’ (set the Jewish house) |
| [○] – | ‘Abramovitz’ replaced with ‘Abramowitz’ (Abramowitz, Rev. Herman) |
| [○] – | ‘Salvator’ replaced with ‘Salvatore’ (Andrade, Salvatore d’) |
| [○] – | ‘Elizer’ replaced with ‘Eliezer’ (Anixter, Rabbi Eliezer) |
| [○] – | ‘Ashkenazy’ replaced with ‘Ashkenazi’ (Ashkenazi, Dr. Herbert) |
| [○] – | ‘Barsimon’ replaced with ‘Barsimson’ (Barsimson, Jacob) |
| [○] – | ‘Bendor’ replaced with ‘Bender’ (Bender, Canada) |
| [○] – | ‘Bennet’ replaced with ‘Bennett’ (Bennett, James Gordon) |
| [○] – | ‘Beral’ replaced with ‘Bernal’ (Bernal, physician) |
| [○] – | ‘Campanell’ replaced with ‘Campanall’ (Campanall, Mordecai) |
| [○] – | ‘Caseres’ replaced with ‘Caseras’ (Caseras, Henrique de) |
| [○] – | ‘Jerahmeel’ replaced with ‘Jerahmel’ (Chuck, Jerahmel) |
| [○] – | ‘Cesar’ replaced with ‘Ceasar’ (Cone, Ceasar) |
| [○] – | ‘Cordova’ replaced with ‘Cordoza’ (Cordoza, Hakam de) |
| [○] – | ‘Henriquez’ replaced with ‘Henriques’ add missing page reference ‘51’ (Coutinho, Henriques, [51]) |
| [○] – | ‘Jeraso’ replaced with ‘Jerajo’ (Coutinho, Isaac Jerajo) |
| [○] – | ‘Cresquas’ replaced with ‘Cresques’ ‘Jafudah’ replaced with ‘Jafuda’ (Cresques, Jafuda) |
| [○] – | ‘Cuffo’ replaced with ‘Cufo’ (Cufo) |
| [○] – | ‘Dongan’ replaced with ‘Dungan’ (Dungan, Irvine) |
| [○] – | ‘Fallmouth’ replaced with ‘Falmouth’ (Falmouth, Jamaica) |
| [○] – | ‘Gabbay’ replaced with ‘Gabay’ (Faro, Solomon Gabay) |
| [○] – | ‘Fischman’ replaced with ‘Fishman’ (Fishman, William) |
| [○] – | ‘Immigation’ replaced with ‘Immigration’ (Ford—Committee on Immigration) |
| [○] – | ‘Frazen’ replaced with ‘Frazon’ (Frazon or Frazier, Joseph) |
| [○] – | ‘Friberg’ replaced with ‘Freiberg’ (Freiberg, J. Walter) |
| [○] – | ‘Friedländer’ replaced with ‘Friedlaender’ (Friedlaender, Dr. Israel) |
| [○] – | ‘Glidden’ replaced with ‘Gliddon’ (Gliddon, John) |
| [○] – | ‘Hackenberg’ replaced with ‘Hackenburg’ (Hackenburg, Wm. B.) |
| [○] – | ‘Lemel’ replaced with ‘Lemil’ (Harris, Asher Lemil) |
| [○] – | Page reference added ‘70’ (Hendricks, Benjamin, [70]) |
| [○] – | ‘Elkam’ replaced with ‘Elkan’ (Heydenfeldt, Elkan) |
| [○] – | ‘Heyster’ replaced with ‘Heister’ (Heister, Gen.) |
| [○] – | ‘Illiowizi’ replaced with ‘Iliowizi’ (Iliowizi, Rabbi Henry) |
| [○] – | ‘Illon’ replaced with ‘Illan’ (Illan, Jaude) |
| [○] – | ‘Elchanan’ replaced with ‘Elhanan’ (Jaffe, Rabbi Shalom Elhanan) |
| [○] – | ‘Jaffe’ replaced with ‘Joffe’ (Joffe, Joshua A.) |
| [○] – | the 2nd (note) is on page 207 instead of 243 ([207] (note), [243],) |
| [○] – | ‘Laski’ replaced with ‘Lasky’ (Lasky, David) |
| [○] – | ‘beu’ replaced with ‘ben’ (Manasseh ben Israel) |
| [○] – | ‘Mansa’ replaced with ‘Manso’ (Manso, Bishop Alphonso) |
| [○] – | ‘Margolis’ replaced with ‘Margolies’ (Margolies, Rabbi M. Z.) |
| [○] – | ‘Mesya’ replaced with ‘Mesia’ (Mesia, Daniel) |
| [○] – | ‘Montevideo’ replaced with ‘Montevido’ (Montevido, Uruguay) |
| [○] – | ‘Montigo’ replaced with ‘Montego’ (Montego Bay, Jamaica) |
| [○] – | ‘Neuman’ replaced with ‘Neumann’ (Neumann, Dr. S.) |
| [○] – | ‘Newberg’ replaced with ‘Newburg’ (Newburg, P.) |
| [○] – | ‘Newberger’ replaced with ‘Newburger’ (Newburger, Morris) |
| [○] – | ‘Parahibo’ replaced with ‘Parahiba’ (Parahiba, Brazil) |
| [○] – | ‘Para’ replaced with ‘Parra’ (Parra, La) |
| [○] – | ‘Pellatas’ replaced with ‘Pelatas’ (Pelatas, Brazil) |
| [○] – | ‘Pereire’ replaced with ‘Perreira’ (Perreira, Isaac) |
| [○] – | ‘Phillipson’ replaced with ‘Philipson’ (Philipson, Rev. David) |
| [○] – | ‘Philipps’ replaced with ‘Phillips’ (Phillips, Col. Frederick) |
| [○] – | ‘Pinalo’ replaced with ‘Pinelo’ (Pinelo, Francisco) |
| [○] – | ‘Alegro’ replaced with ‘Alegra’ (Porto Alegra, Brazil) |
| [○] – | ‘Reisin’ replaced with ‘Reisen’ (Reisen, A.) |
| [○] – | ‘Löbel’ replaced with ‘Löbl’ (Rindskopf, Löbl) |
| [○] – | ‘Rievera’ replaced with ‘Rivera’ (Rivera, Jacob Rodrigues) |
| [○] – | ‘Kesriel’ replaced with ‘Kasriel’ (Sarasohn, Kasriel H.) |
| [○] – | ‘Schomer’ replaced with ‘Shomer’ (Schaikewitz, N. M. (Shomer)) |
| [○] – | ‘Schwarz’ replaced with ‘Schwartz’ (Schwartz, Tobias) |
| [○] – | Page reference added ‘344’ (Shaftesbury, Lord) |
| [○] – | ‘Sasta’ replaced with ‘Shasta’ (Shasta, Cal.) |
| [○] – | ‘Sherbrook’ replaced with ‘Sherbrooke’ (Sherbrooke, Canada) |
| [○] – | ‘Sosnitz’ replaced with ‘Sossnitz’ (Sossnitz, Jos. L.) |
| [○] – | ‘Weinschel’ replaced with ‘Weinshel’ ‘Hayim’ replaced with ‘Hayyim’ (Weinshel, Hayyim) |
| [○] – | ‘Wister’ replaced with ‘Wistar’ (Wistar, William) |
| [○] – | ‘Woolff’ replaced with ‘Wolff’ (Wolff, J. Meyer) |
| [○] – | ‘Eliakum’ replaced with ‘Eliakim’ (Zunser, Eliakim) |