EDINBURGH: T. CONSTABLE,
PRINTER TO THE QUEEN, AND TO THE UNIVERSITY.
CONTENTS.
| PAGE | |
| I.—JANUARY. | |
| Advance of Waves upon a Beach—Foam—Shingle Voices—Climbing the Cliff—Look-out—Assault of the Sea—Defeat—Gulls—Descent—Cavernous Recess—Rock-pool—Purple-spotted Top—Its Progression—Tentacles—Eyes—Shell—A twisted Cone—Colours—Nacre—Dog-whelks—Notch in Shell—Its Testimony to Character—How the Whelk conquers the Bivalve—Its Weapon—Pelican’s Foot—Its Changes of Figure—Cowry—Description—Ciliated Proboscis—Vivid Colours—Growth of the Shell—Scallop—Superstition—Sea Butterflies—Leaping—Mantle—Eyes—Valves—Details of the Scallop Trade—Tenacity of Life—Sea Cucumber—Mode of Securing it—Its tentacular Coronet—Suckers—Dotted Siponcle—Its Proboscis—Hermit Siponcle, | [1]-[29] |
| II.—FEBRUARY. | |
| View from Babbicombe Cliffs—Dog’s Head Rock—Jackdaws—Oddicombe—Petit Tor—Bell-Rock—Tragedy—Teignmouth Ness—Exmouth—Portland—Fragrant Butterburr—Babbicombe and its Beach—Descent—Stone-turning—Serpula—Triope—Its Beauty—Sea Lemon—Crowned Eolis—Its Ferocity—Spawn—Development of Young—Fecundity—Dog-winkle—Purple Dye of Tyre—Legend of Hercules—Egg-capsules—Development—Limpet—Excavates the Rock—Faculty of Adhesion—Cement—Gills—Slit Limpet—Key-hole Limpet—Holes in Sandstone—Finger Pholas—Its Boring Habits—Mode of Operation—Various Hypotheses—Proved Facts—Red-noses—Coast changed by Mollusks, | [30]-[60] |
| III.—MARCH. | |
| Invention of the Aquarium—The Principle—Advantages for Zoological Study—Necessity for out-door Examination—Visit to Anstey’s Cove—Boat Excursion—Sea-Cavern—Colonies of Anemones—Beadlet—Submarine Forest—Green Opelet—Its Powers—Spontaneous Division—Hope’s Nose—London-bridge Rock—Gloomy Rock-lane—Life on the Sea Rocks—Oyster-culture—Dead-man’s Finger—Anemones—Rosy A.—Scarlet fringed A.—Snowy A.—Orange-disked A.—Plumose A.—Their offensive Weapons—Dahlia Wartlet—Deluded Bee—Lucernaria—Ultimate Purpose of Creation, | [61]-[84] |
| IV.—APRIL. | |
| Barren Sand—Torquay to Paignton—Goodrington Sands—Rocky Area—Paignton Cockle—A bonne Bouche—Common Cockle—Importance to the Hebrides—Foot of Cockle—Its Leaping and Burrowing Powers—Structure—Banded Venus—Its Beauty—Foot—Prawn—Armour Defensive and Offensive—Colours—Tail-plates—Movements—Keer-drag—The Shrimper—Shrimp—Flat-fish—Aberrations of Structure—Yarrell’s Remarks—Topknot—Effects of Fear on Colour—Beauty of its Eyes—Sand-Launce—Curious Catenation—A Tenant in the Tank, | [85]-[113] |
| V.—MAY. | |
| Lesser Weever—Its Aspect—Its Spines—Are they Venomous?—Cuvier’s Negative—Couch’s Affirmative—Remedy—Habits—Young Thornback—Motions—Spiracles—Eyes—Form—Colours—Spines—Fifteen-spined Stickleback—Mode of Feeding—Nest-building—Mr. Couch’s Observations—Changes of Form—Worm-casts—Swimming-crab—Mask-crab—Use of the Antennæ—Rocky Barrier—Paper-worm—Gliding Motion—Tenacity of Life—Mouth strangely placed and strangely formed—Long-worm—A Portrait by Mr. Kingsley, | [114]-[138] |
| VI.—JUNE. | |
| Maidencombe—Sea Hare—Its Shell—Purple Excretion—Ruminating Stomach—Its bad Reputation—Tusk-shell—Torbay Bonnet—Cup Limpet—Locust Screw—Parental Care—Fresh-water Screw—Great Sea Woodlouse—Maternal Care—Leaf-worms—Rainbow Leaf-worm—Reproduced Organs—Pearly Nereis—Blood Circulation—Proboscis—Scale Worm—Dorsal Shields—Feet—Bristles—Their Use—Number—Proboscis—Teeth—Tube-dwellings—Phosphorescence—Locomotive Power in Worms, | [139]-[167] |
| VII.—JULY. | |
| Dredging Ground—Two-spotted Sucker—Its Appearance—Beauty of its Eyes—Habits in Captivity—Adhesive Power—Vacuum—Echinodermata—Starlet—Its Dimensions—Figure—Eye-specks—Other Organs—Sea-Urchin—Mechanism of its Box—Its Growth—Sucker-feet—Spines—Feather-star—Structure—Colours—Infant State—Dissimilar Forms connected—Bridge from Feather-star to Urchin—Flat-crab—Contest between Dirt and Cleanliness—Peculiar Mode of procuring Food—Foot-jaws—Squat-lobsters—Three Kinds described—Habits—Form of Young, | [168]-[194] |
| VIII.—AUGUST. | |
| Rock-pools—Work of Boring Mollusca—Process of Formation—Cork-wing—Natural History Illustration—Fish poisoned by an Anthea—Lucky Proach—Respiration of Fishes—Pipe-fishes—Persecutions of a Gammarus—A Male Wet-nurse—Butterfly Blenny—Shanny—Taking the Air—Freckled Goby—The Shore a profitable Field of Study, | [195]-[220] |
| IX.—SEPTEMBER. | |
| Ball’s Dredge—Old Oyster Dredge—Dredging—Sun-star—Cannibalism—Granulate Brittlestar—His Sad Fate—Angled Crab—Researches in Cods’ Stomachs—Nut-crabs—A Slow Coach—Bryer’s Nut-crab—Contents of a Dredge—Hermit-crabs—Cloaklet—Strange Association—Mystery of its Maintenance—Solution—Psychical Faculties, | [221]-[247] |
| X.—OCTOBER. | |
| Life in Tropical Seas—Portuguese Man-of-War—Its Structure—Bladder—Tentacles—Poisoning Powers—Effects—Dr. Wallich’s Objections—Gulf-stream—Velellæ—Stephanomia—Tongued Sarsia—Its Swimming-bell—Locomotive Powers—Tentacles—Forbes’s Æquorea—Luminosity—Crimson-ringed Aurelia—Its Transformations—Cydippe—Poetical Description of it, | [248]-[273] |
| XI.—NOVEMBER. | |
| Clarence’s Dream of the Sea Bottom—Diving-bell—Lobster-horn—Campanularia—Medusa-like Progeny—Scalpellum—Acorn Barnacles—Necked Barnacle—Pyrgoma—Cirriped Transformations—Tube-worms—Serpula—Its Shell—Hooks and Bristles—Gills—Stopper—Its Homology and Use—Sabella—Shell-tube—Gills—Soft-tube—Hook-plumed Sabella—Process of Tube-building, | [274]-[297] |
| XII.—DECEMBER. | |
| Squirters—Affinity with Bivalves—Test—Gill-sac—Branchial Cilia—Heart—Blood Circulation—Digestion—Tentacles—Eyes—Cynthia—Currant Squirter—Four-angled Squirter—Discharge of Eggs—Transformations—Compound Forms—Botrylli—Oceanic Forms—Pyrosoma—Its Luminosity—Sponges—Their Habitats—Various Species described with the Forms of their Spicula—Motives for Study—A Protest against prevalent Errors, | [298]-[327] |
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
| Plate | ||
| I. | Dog-whelk—Pelican’s Foot—Top—Cowry, | [Frontispiece]. |
| II. | Scallops, | To face page [22] |
| III. | Dotted Siponcle—Sea-cucumber, | [28] |
| IV. | Sea Lemon—Crowned Eolis—Spawn of both, | [40] |
| V. | Limpet—Purple—Slit-Limpet, | [50] |
| VI. | Red-Nose—Finger-Pholas, | [54] |
| VII. | Snowy Anemone—Dead-Man’s Finger—Rosy Anemone—Lucernaria—Smooth Beadlet, | [66] |
| VIII. | Dahlia Wartlet, | [72] |
| IX. | Green Opelet—Orange-disk Anemone, | [78] |
| X. | Sinous Cockle—Banded Venus, | [92] |
| XI. | Common Shrimp—Great Prawn, | [102] |
| XII. | Sand-Launce—Topknot, | [108] |
| XIII. | Fifteen-spined Stickleback—Lesser Weever, | [116] |
| XIV. | Masked Crab, | [128] |
| XV. | Banded Flat-worm—Long-worm, | [134] |
| XVI. | Sea Hare, | [140] |
| XVII. | Ligia—Torbay Bonnet—Tusk-shell, | [148] |
| XVIII. | Pearly Nereis—Rainbow Leaf-worm, | [158] |
| XIX. | Two-spotted Sucker, | [168] |
| XX. | Purple-tipped Urchin—Rosy Feather Star—Starlet, | [172] |
| XXI. | Olive Squat-Lobster—Shaggy Flat-Crab—Scarlet Squat-Lobster, | [188] |
| XXII. | Corkwing Wrasse, | [200] |
| XXIII. | Father-lasher—Worm Pipe-fish, | [204] |
| XXIV. | Freckled Goby—Butterfly Blenny, | [212] |
| XXV. | Granulate Brittle-star—Sun-star, | [224] |
| XXVI. | Nut-Crab—Angled-Crab, | [230] |
| XXVII. | Purple Hermit-Crab—Cloaklet—Common Hermit-Crab, | [238] |
| XXVIII. | Portuguese Man-of-war—Tongued Sarsia, | [248] |
| XXIX. | Forbesian Æquorea, | [264] |
| XXX. | Cydippe—Common Medusa—Larval Forms, | [268] |
| XXXI. | Pyrgoma on a Coral—Scalpellum—Lobster-Horn—Necked Barnacle—Common Barnacle—Porcate Barnacle, | [278] |
| XXXII. | Scarlet Serpula, | [286] |
| XXXIII. | Sabellæ, | [294] |
| XXXIV. | Orange-spotted Squirter—Four-angled Squirter—Currant Squirter, | [300] |
| XXXV. | Botrylli, | [310] |
| XXXVI. | Sponges—Chiton, | [318] |
A YEAR AT THE SHORE.