Page
Foreword15
I. [Historical Background]17
[Discovery]17
[The Spanish Rule—A Tale of Wars and Uprisings]17
[Reforms in the 19th Century]18
[Last Decades of Spanish Rule—The Coming of the Americans]19
[Filipino-American War]20
[The establishment of Civil Government]20
II. [The Material Spain Found]21
[Power of Propaganda to Misrepresent]21
[Non-Christian Population]21
[Literacy]22
[Facts of Filipino Attainments in Pre-Spanish Days]22
[Religion, Alphabet, and Books]23
[Traders and Artisans]24
[Able Agriculturists]24
[Written and Unwritten Laws]24
[The Code of Calantiao]25
[Testimonies of Occidental Writers]26
[Progress During the Spanish Rule]27
[Schools and Colleges]27
[Filipino Record Abroad]28
[Opinions of Foreign Writers]28
[Background on Which America Had Built]29
III. [The First Philippine Republic]30
[Causes of Earlier Revolutions]30
[The Revolution of 1896]30
[The Pact of Biac-na-Bato]30
[The Republic]31
[The Governmental Machinery Set Up]31
[The Malolos Constitution—Its Salient Features]32
[Comments of Foreigners]34
IV. [Population of the Islands]37
[A Homogeneous People]37
[Total Population]38
[Foreign Population]38
[Comparative Population]38
V. [Geographical Items of Interest]39
[Number of Islands]39
[Total Land Area]39
[Bays and Straits]40
[Mountains]40
[Rivers]40
[Lakes and Falls]40
[Mineral Springs]41
[Climate]41
[Differences in Time]41
[Comparative Areas]42
[Rainfall]42
VI. [The City of Manila]43
[Entrance to Manila Bay—Corregidor and the Islands “El Fraile,” and “El Carabao”]43
[The City of Manila]43
[The Walled City]44
[Fort Santiago]44
[Three Manilas]45
[Costumes]46
[The Shops]46
[The Pasig River]46
[Other Places of Interest]46
[The Cathedral]47
[The Ayuntamiento]47
[University of Santo Tomas]47
[The Dominican Church]48
[Avenues]48
[Bilibid Prison]49
[Central Observatory]51
[The Luneta]51
[The Manila Hotel]52
[The Museum]52
[The Carnival Grounds]52
[Dewey Boulevard]53
[Clubs and Societies]54
[Cemeteries]54
[Monuments]54
[Life in Manila]55
[Vexing Conventionalities Absent]55
[Competition Less Severe]56
VII. [The Environs of Manila]58
[Malacañang Palace]58
[Santa Mesa]59
[San Juan Heights and Bridge]59
[The Reservoir]60
[Mariquina Valley and Town]60
[The Payatas Estate]61
[Montalban Dam]61
[Fort William McKinley]62
VIII. [Other Cities]63
[Baguio]63
[The Zig-Zag]63
[Camp John Hay]64
[Trinidad Valley]64
[The City of Cebu]65
[Places of Historical Interest]66
[The City of Iloilo]66
[Description and Attractions]67
[Zamboanga]67
[The San Ramon Penal Colony]68
IX. [The Provinces—Beauty Spots]69
[Laguna Province—Pagsanjan Falls]71
[Calamba]78
[Los Baños Mineral Springs]78
[College of Agriculture]79
[Rizal Province]72
[Antipolo—Virgin of Antipolo]73
[Cavite Province]73
[Zapote Bridge]74
[The United States Naval and Radio Station]74
[Kawit]75
[Batangas Province]75
[Historical Incidents]76
[Attractions]76
[Taal Volcano]76
[Tayabas Province]78
[Botocan Falls]78
[Lucena and Atimonan]78
[The Bicol Provinces]79
[Sceneries]80
[Historical Incidents]80
[Peerless Mayon]81
[Bulacan Province]82
[Description and History]82
[Attractions]83
[Biac-na-Bato]83
[Mineral Baths at Marilao]83
[Malolos, the Seat of the Philippine Republic]83
[Pampanga Province]83
[Attractions]84
[Tarlac Province]85
[Medicinal Springs]85
[Nueva Ecija Province—The Rice Granary of the Islands]85
[The Government Agricultural School at Muñoz]86
[Bataan Province]86
[Attractions]86
[Historical]86
[Mariveles]87
[Mount Mariveles]87
[Zambales Province]88
[Naval Station at Olongapo and Fortifications on Grande Island]88
[Pangasinan—Second Largest Rice Producing Province]89
[Salt Making and Industries]89
[Historical Events]89
[The Mountain Province and Sub-provinces]90
[The Rice Terraces in Ifugao]91
[Gold Mining and Household Industries]92
[La Union] and the [Ilocos Provinces]—Household Industries92
[Abra Province]94
[The Cagayan Valley—The Tobacco Region]95
[The Cagayan River]95
[Isabela Province and the Town of Palanan]96
[Nueva Vizcaya Province—The Salt Incrusted Mountain]96
[Mindoro Province]96
[Mineral Deposits]97
[The Submarine Garden at Puerto Galera]97
[Palawan Province]97
[Iwahig Penal Colony]98
[Culion Leper Colony]98
[The Underground River]99
[Romblon Province—Marble Deposits]99
[The Visayas]99
[Samar, the First Island Discovered by the Spaniards]99
[Iloilo and Capiz—Beautiful Caves and Cliffs of White Coral Rock]100
[Negros Island—The Principal Sugar Producing District]101
[The Haciendas and the Sugar Centrals]101
[The Silliman Institute at Dumaguete]101
[The Volcano of Magaso]102
[Cebu Province]102
[San Miguel, the First Spanish Settlement]102
[Bohol Province]103
[The Rebellions of 1622 and 1744]103
[Medicinal Springs and Caves]104
[Leyte Province]104
[Abundance of minerals]104
[Limasawa—Where Mass Was First Celebrated in the Philippines]104
[The Island of Mindanao]105
[Origin of Name]105
[Introduction of Islam]105
[Province of Zamboanga]105
[Cotabato Province]106
Increasing Christian Population106
[The Large Lakes in Cotabato Province]106
[Mount Apo]106
[Bukidnon Province, an Unsurpassed Region for Cattle]107
[Beautiful Lake Lanao and the Maria Cristina Falls]107
[Davao Province, the Finest Hemp Land in the Island]108
[Agusan and Surigao Provinces—Minerals and Agricultural Products]108
[The Sulu Archipelago]109
[Description, Principal Ports and Industries]109
[Introduction of Mohammedanism]110
[The Sultan of Sulu and His Present Position]111
[The Policy of Attraction Carried Out by the Insular Government]111
[The Town of Jolo—Chinese Pier and Ariolas’ Walk]112
[The Language for the Tourist]113
[Number of Filipinos Who speak, read and write English]113
X. [Agricultural Products, Forests, Minerals, and Industries]115
[Number of Hectares under Cultivation]115
[Principal Undeveloped Regions]115
[Percentage of Farms Owned by Filipinos]116
[The Principal Crops—Rice, Hemp, Sugar, Tobacco, Coconut—Export Figures]116
[Prospective Agricultural Industries]127
[Irrigation]128
[Rural Credit Associations—Table]128
[Forest Resources]130
[Area]130
[Only 1 per cent Private Ownership]131
[Timber Output and Export]131
[How Timber Tracts are Obtained]132
[Sawmills]132
[Minor Forest Products]132
[Minerals—Gold, Silver, Iron, Manganese, Coal, and Statistical Data]132
[Other Industries]135
[Public Lands]143
[Area]143
[Modes of Acquisition]143
XI. [The Trade of the Philippine Islands]147
[Economic Position—Manila as a Trade Center]147
[Trade Routes]147
[Personnel of Philippine Commerce]149
[America’s Monopoly in Philippine Trade]150
[Mediums of Trade]150
[Trade with other Countries]151
[Values of Imports and Exports, 1913 to 1922]152
[Principal Articles Exported, 1921–1922]153
[Principal Articles Imported, 1921–1922]154
[Shipping]156
[Entrances and Clearances of Vessels]156
[Interisland Transportation]156
[Table—Merchandise Carried by Foreign Vessels]157
[Interisland Lines]158
[Control Over Rates]158
[Number and Tonnage of Vessels]159
XII. [Structure of the Philippine Government]160
[Resembles Federal and State Governments]160
[Departures from American Standards]160
[The Budget System]160
Parliamentary Responsibility161
[The Council of State, Advisory to the Governor General]161
[The Governor-General, the Vice-Governor, and the Executive Departments]161
[The Legislative Department]164
[The Judiciary]165
[Provincial and Municipal Government]165
[Expenses of the Philippine Government]165
[Financial Status]166
[Statement of Receipts, Expenditures and Surplus]167
[Budget Estimates, 1918–1923]168
[Currency and Circulation]168
[Electors]170
XIII. [The Filipinos in Control]173
[Filipinization]174
[Proportion of Filipinos to Americans in the Government]174
[Autonomy]174
[Outstanding Achievements of the Filipinized Government]175
[Reorganization of Departments]175
[The Budget System Explained]177
[Public Improvements]177
[Agriculture and Taxation]178
[Public Order]178
[Education—System of Instruction]178
[Number of Pupils]182
[Number of Teachers]182
[Number of School Buildings]182
[Universities]182
[Sanitation—the Philippine Health Service]183
[Comparative Death Rate]184
[Local Autonomy]184
[Public Welfare—The Public Welfare Commissioner]185
[Administration of Justice]186
[Record of the Courts]186
[Government Enterprises—Object]187
[The National Bank]187
[The Manila Railroad]188
[The National Coal Co.]188
[The National Development Co.]189
XIV. [The Independence Movement]190
[Uprisings during Spanish Régime]190
[The Organized Movement]193
[The Philippine Assembly of 1907]193
[America’s Policy and Promise to the Filipinos]194
[Pronouncements of McKinley, Taft, Roosevelt, and Wilson]195
[Jones Law, the Formal Pledge that Independence Will Be Granted]196
[Executive Recommendation for the Fulfillment of America’s Promise]197
[Missions to the United States]197
[The Commission of Independence and Its Purposes]198
[The Declaration of Purposes]198
[The First Mission]198
[Letter of President Wilson]199
[Statement of Secretary of War Baker]199
[Hearing before Joint Committee of Congress]200
[The Second Mission]200
[The Memorial to President Harding]201
[Reply of the President]205
[Petition for a Constitutional Convention—Text]205
XV. [Appendices—Tables of Statistics]207
[Where to Go in Manila]207
[List of Hotels]207
[Garages and Stables]208
[Steamship Agencies]208
[Foreign Consulates]209
[Cable Offices]211
[List of Banks in the Philippines Doing Business in 1923]211
[Chambers of Commerce]211
[Cinematographs and Theatres]212
[Clubs]212
[Booksellers and Stationers]213
[Embroideries]213
[Philippine Hats]214
[List of Churches Holding Services in English]215
[Rates of Fare for Public Vehicles]215
[Postal, Telegraph, and Cable Rates]216
[Interisland Sailings]219
[Values of foreign coins expressed in terms of Philippine money]220
[Banking: Combined condition of all the commercial banks in the Philippine Islands,in pesos]221
[Currency in Circulation]222
[Table showing the assessed valuation of real property in the Philippine Islands (exceptthe cities of Manila and Baguio) by provinces]223
[Growth of the public school system]225
[Private Schools]226
[Annual Expenditures for Public Education]226
[Total receipts, expenditures and accumulated surplus of the Philippine Government,1901–1923, in pesos]227
[Fire, marine, and miscellaneous insurance companies doing active business in the PhilippineIslands, during year ending December 31, 1922]228
[Americans and Filipinos in the Philippine Service on July 1, 1921]230
[Newspapers and other publications in the Philippines, as per revision made up to June18, 1923]230
[List of sugar centrals in the Philippine Islands]234

List of Illustrations

Facing page—
[Bird’s eye view of the Walled City and immediate environs]18
[Panoramic view of Camp Keithley, Lanao, Mindanao]18
[Plaza Benavides, with the statue of Benavides in the center]20
[San Sebastian Church, Manila]21
[Aglipayan Church, Azcarraga Street, Manila]44
[The new Trade School, Manila]45
[The Cathedral, Walled City, Manila]46
[Philippine University cadets in formation in front of the Ayuntamiento, the centralgovernment building]47
[Bureau of Printing Building]48
[A section of Manila’s commercial district]48
[The Luneta Hotel, Manila]49
[Central Railroad Station, Manila Railroad Company]50
[A Modern thoroughfare, Taft Avenue, Manila]50
[The Paco Railroad Depot, Manila]51
[The Jones Bridge]51
[The principal buildings of the Philippine University]52
[The Polo Grounds]52
[The Normal Hall—A dormitory for girls, Manila]53
[Philippine Carnival Auditorium, 1922]53
[The Rizal Monument, at the Luneta, Manila]54
[The Legaspi and Urdaneta Monument facing the Luneta, Manila]55
[The Carnival grounds, Manila]56
[A view of Pier 5, Manila]56
[The Luneta, during a Carnival parade]57
[A public market, Manila]57
[The Aquarium, Manila, exterior view]58
[Exterior view of Malacañang Palace, Manila]58
[A typical country scene]59
[The Executive Offices, Malacañang Palace, Manila]59
[The Mariquina Valley]60
[Salt beds, Pangasinan]60
[Exterior view of the Lingayen Provincial Building, Pangasinan]61
[The Baguio zig-zig coiling upon itself]62
[The Amphitheater, Baguio, Benguet]63
[The States? No It’s Baguio, Philippine Islands]64
[The road to Baguio]65
[The beautiful town of Pagsanjan, Laguna]70
[Pagsanjan Falls, Laguna]71
[Montalban Gorge]72
[The monument to the “First Cry of Balintawak,”]73
[The Bamboo Organ, Las Piñas]74
[An abaca plantation]75
[The church at Taal, Batangas Province]76
[Sample of bridges and provincial scenery]77
[A Philippine Sugar Central. Calamba, Laguna Province]78
[Sprouting coconuts, Pagsanjan, Laguna]79
[Coconut groves, San Ramon Penal Farm, Zamboanga, Mindanao]79
[The Sorsogon provincial government building and the Sorsogon jail]80
[Mayon Volcano, Albay Province]81
[The wonderful rice terraces at Ifugao, Mountain Province, Luzon]90
[Rice terraces at Bontoc, Mountain Province]91
[Boobies at Tubataja reef, Sulu]98
[The subterranean river, Saint Paul’s Bay, Palawan taken by flashlight]99
[Magellan Monument, Mactan Island]102
[Panoramic view of Dapitan where Rizal was exiled by the Spaniards]103
[A view of Jolo, Sulu]110
[The Cebu wharf]110
[Moro weapons]111
[A cigar factory in Manila]124
[Makers of Manila cigars]125
[A lumber yard. Kolambugan, Mindanao]130
[View of San Jose Estate sugar mill. San Jose, Mindoro]131
[Girls Embroidery, Paco Intermediate School, Manila]136–137
[The Council of State in session]160
[The Members of the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands]161
[The Gilbert Steel Bridge, Laoag, Ilocos Norte] 176

ILLUSTRATED MAPS

[Map of the Philippine Islands]12
[Trade routes of the Philippine Islands]146
[Map of the City of Manila] 234