[9] Plato, "Republic," ii. p. 429, E.
[10] See Erasmus, "Adagia."
[11] It is difficult to know how to render the word παιδαγωγὸς in English. He was the slave who took the boy to school, and generally looked after him from his seventh year upward. Tutor or governor seems the best rendering. He had great power over the boy entrusted to him.
[12] Plato, "Clitophon," p. 255, D.
[13] Compare Diogenes Laertius, ii. 72.
[14] Reading κοιτοφθοροῦντες, the excellent emendation of Wyttenbach.
[15] From the heathen standpoint of course, not from the Christian. Compare the advice of Cato in Horace's "Satires," Book i. Sat. ii. 31-35. It is a little difficult to know what Diogenes' precept really means. Is it that vice is universal? Like Shakespeare's "Measure for Measure," Act ii. Sc. ii. 5. "All sects, all ages smack of this vice."
[16] He was asked by Polus, see Plato, "Gorgias," p. 290, F.
[17] "Hippolytus," 986-989.
[18] Cf. Plato, "Cratylus," p. 257, E. ὦ παῖ Ὶππονίκου Ὲρμόγενες, παλαιὰ παροιμἰα, ὃτι χαλεπὰ τὰ καλἀ ἐσιν ὃπη ἔχει μαθεῖν. So Horace, "Sat." i. ix. 59, 60, "Nil sine magno Vita labore dedit mortalibus."