Apéllēs: (1) of Colophon or Cos, fl. c. 335-305 B.C. The greatest painter of antiquity, especially favoured by Alexander the Great. His maxim for draughtsmen nulla dies sine linea is famous.
(2) Of Chios, apparently unknown beyond Plutarch.
Appius Claudius (Caecus): Roman censor 312 B.C., originator of the Appian Way.
Aráspēs: a Mede, friend of Cyrus, who became enamoured of Panthea (q. v.).
Arcĕsiláus: latter part of third century B.C.; first a disciple of Theophrastus (q. v.), but took an independent line in philosophy as founder of the sceptical New Academy. A man of amiable character and a wit.
Archeláus: king of Macedonia 413-399 B.C.; a lover of art and literature and a patron of Euripides and other Athenian men of letters.
Archidámus: Archidamus II, king of Sparta, 469-427 B.C. There were several other kings of the name.
Archílŏchus: of Paros, fl. c. 710-675 B.C. A lyrist of whom only fragments are extant; particularly famous for his iambic lampoons.
Archimédes: the Newton of antiquity; an eminent scientist of Syracuse 287-212 B.C.; student of astronomy, applied mathematics, and engineering. He served as mechanical engineer in defending his city from the Romans, by whose soldiers he was killed in ignorance.
Archytas: of Tarentum, in the early part of the fourth century B.C., noted as a mathematician and philosophic statesman of the Pythagorean order. Both in generalship and civil business of state he was eminently successful and was trusted with extraordinary powers.