The length of the coast from Iapygia to the straits is three thousand stades by land, and it is washed by the Sicilian sea. Sailing, however, the distance is less than five hundred stades....
The largest distance of the Etrurian coast is from Luna to Ostia, a distance of one thousand three hundred and thirty stades.[227]...
The island Lemnos is called Aethaleia....
The bay between the two promontories of Misenum and Minerva is called the Crater (the Bowl).The Bay of Naples. Above this coast lies the whole of Campania, the most fertile plain in the country. Round the Bowl live the Opici and the Ausones....
The north road from Iapygia has beenEastern coast-road from S. to N. of Italy. marked out with miles, five hundred and sixty to Sena, and one hundred and seventy thence to Aquileia....
Then comes Lacinium ... from the straits to this place is a distance of oneThe Lacinian promontory. thousand three hundred stades, and thence to the Iapygian promontory seven hundred....
Of the three craters one has partly fallen in, the other two remain perfect.The craters in the volcanic Holy Island one of the Lipari group. The largest has a circular orifice with a circumference of five stades, but it gradually contracts to a diameter of fifty feet; it runs right down to the sea for a stade, so that the sea is visible in clear weather. When a south wind is about to blow, a thick mist envelopes the little island, so that even Sicily is invisible from it: but if there is going to be a north wind, bright flames rise from the crater and shoot up high, and louder rumblings are emitted; but a west wind causes a medium display of both. The other two craters are of the same shape, but their eruptions are less violent. From the difference in the sound of the rumbling, and by observing from what point the eruptions and flames and smoke begin, the wind which is to blow on the third day from that time can be foretold. At least, some men in the Lipari Islands when weather-bound have foretold what wind was coming and have not been deceived. Therefore, it appears that Homer did not speak without meaning, but was stating a truth allegorically when he called Aeolus[228] “steward of the winds.”...
[12.] The road from Apollonia to Macedonia is called the Via Egnatia,The Via Egnatia. which has been measured in miles and marked out with milestones as far as Cypselus and the River Hebrus, a distance of five hundred and thirty-five miles. Reckoning eight and one-third stades to a mile, the number of stades will be four thousand four hundred and fifty-eight.[229] The distance is exactly the same whether you start from Apollonia or Epidamnus. The whole road is called the Egnatia, but its first part has got a name from Candavia, a mountain of Illyria, and leads through the town of Lycnidus, and through Pylon, which is the point on the road where Illyria and Macedonia join.Thessalonica half-way to the Hebrus from Apollonia. Thence it leads over Mount Barnūs, through Heracleia, Lyncestia, and Eordea, to Edessa and Pella, and finally to Thessalonica; and the number of miles is altogether two hundred and sixty-seven.... And the whole distance from the Ionian Gulf at Apollonia to Byzantium is seven thousand five hundred stades....
The circumference of the Peloponnesus,The Peloponnesus. if you do not follow the indentations, is four thousand stades....
The distance from Cape Malea to the IsterFrom C. Malea to the Danube. is ten thousand stades.[230]...