Taylor, Hannis. The Origin and Growth of the English Constitution. 3rd Edition. 2 Vols. Boston, 1895.

Twiss, Sir Travers. Introduction to the Black Book of the Admiralty. 4 Vols. Rolls Series, No. 55, London, 1871-1876.

Sea Laws. Encyclopedia Britannica. 11th Edition, xxiii, 535.

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