33. Badahur: Indian Med. Gaz., December, 1882, p. 330.—Hindoo woman, age about 17, strangled herself with the border of her saree. Necroscopy: Circular depressed mark caused by the border of a band of cloth, which she had passed in three coils around her neck, the coils tightly overlapping each other; the short ends had been knotted together with a “granny” knot at the back of the neck, like the native women tie up their hair. The coils were so tight that they had to be cut off. Face swollen, dark purple; conjunctivæ congested. Tongue between the shut teeth; bloody froth issuing from mouth and nostrils [the examination was in September, thirty hours after death]. Skin of neck reddened in nearly a continuous line all around, both above and below the band, about three-fourths inch wide, evidently caused by the pressure of the three folds. Considerable ecchymosis above and below the coils; the neck underneath the folds was swollen and red. Brain and membranes much congested. Trachea, pharynx, and œsophagus congested. Lungs congested. Right cavity (auricle?) of heart full, left empty. Liver, spleen, and kidneys congested. Intestinal peritoneum congested. Stomach contained half-digested food. Small intestines empty; fæces in large intestine. Bladder empty. Uterus and appendages congested; no evidence of catamenia.
34. Harris: Ibid.—Woman; made a loop of her hair around her neck, knelt down so as to put it on the stretch; when found, was nearly dead.
35. Geoghegan: Taylor’s “Med. Jur.,” Am. Ed., 1892, p. 413.—Informed Dr. Taylor of a suicidal strangulation by a ribbon. The mark on the neck nearly disappeared after removing the ligature. There was bleeding from one ear, from rupture of tympanic membrane. No froth from mouth or nostrils; but little lividity or swelling of face.
36. Taylor: “Med. Jur.,” Am. Ed., 1892, p. 418.—Boy: found dead with handle of pitchfork under necktie; marks of strangulation on larynx; eyes and tongue protruded; tongue livid and marked by teeth; brain congested. Also man found dead with handkerchief tied around neck and twisted by razor strop. Taylor considered both as suicides. Also a third case (Amer. edit., 1880, p. 465). A man of unsound mind twisted a fishing-net firmly around his neck several times; it remained secure without the aid of a knot.
37. Fargues: Rec. de mém. de méd., etc., Paris, 1869, xxii., pp. 443, 444.—Soldier, age 32, while drunk, strangled himself with his handkerchief, wrapping many folds around his neck, making a deep furrow without ecchymosis; face pale, eyes closed, lips partly closed.
38. Borchard: Jour. de méd. de Bordeaux, 1860, v., p. 349 et seq.—Collation of cases of suicide by strangulation: First, an officer who placed his sabre scabbard under his cravat. Second, a woman strangled herself with a silk cravat, tightly tied. Third, a man tied the sleeve of his jacket around his neck and fastened the end to a window, so that the strangulation was partly due to suspension. Fourth, a woman strangled by a cord.
39. Hofmann: Wien med. Presse, 1879, xx., p. 16, et seq. Also Lehrbuch, p. 559.—Woman, age 20, found dead in bath-room, with a thick thread passed three times around the neck, and tied tightly in front at the second and third turns; so tightly that even after cutting the cords the pressure continued. No signs of violence. (Illustration.)
40. Zillner: Wien med. Woch., 1880, xxx., pp. 969, 999.—Woman, age 33; found dead on the floor; a neck-handkerchief tied in a firm knot in front of the neck; and underneath, a cord passed twice around the neck and knotted in front in the middle line between the larynx and hyoid bone. Blood was flowing from the ears. No sign of violence or struggle.
41. Bollinger: Friedreich’s Blätter f. ger. Med., 1889, xl., p. 3.—Man, age 48; melancholic; found dead. Had torn up part of a sheet, fastened it around his neck and the ends around a bed-post, then placed his feet against the farther post and pressed, tightening the ligature. (Illustration.)