22. Tardieu: Op. cit., p. 18.—The Prince of Condé was found hanging in his room, August 27th, 1830. He was suspended by two handkerchiefs to a window fastening, his feet, however, touching the floor. The knot was at the back of the neck (as shown by the illustration), the face turned slightly to the left, the tongue protruding; face discolored; mucus at the mouth and nose; arms hanging and stiff; fists shut; heels raised; knees half bent. The text says that the knot was nearly under the right ear, but the illustration shows a different position (see Fig. 22, p. 743).
23. Allison: Lancet, 1869, i., p. 636.—Three cases of suicide by hanging, in which there was no mark: 1st. Woman, hung herself with a piece of sheep-net band; cut down before death. 2d. Man, hung with plough-string; cut down in about six minutes. 3d. A heavy man.
24. Tardieu: Op. cit., pp. 93-105.—Woman, died of coma and asphyxia from suicidal hanging, according to report of Drs. Costan and Facieu. Tardieu approved their report. It was at first thought a case of homicide with subsequent hanging, more especially because of the kind of knot used, nœud d’artificier. But Tardieu showed that it was also a nœud de batalier. Her feet touched a chair, and her knees were bent. There was a neckcloth in front of her mouth, but it did not seem to have interfered with respiration.
25. Ibid., pp. 67-72.—The famous case of Marc-Antoine Calas, who committed suicide by hanging (see Voltaire, “Traité sur le tolérance,” etc., in Nouv. Philos. Histor., 1772, xxxii., p. 30). He hung himself to a door. No sign of violence. The city hangman said it was impossible for a man to commit suicide in that way. The father was accused and convicted of homicide. Tardieu shows that the act was a suicide.
26. Ibid., p. 72.—Another famous case. A woman, age 30, hung herself to the key of her bedroom door. Her husband cut her down. He was accused and convicted of the crime and condemned to prison, where he died. Tardieu showed that the case was one of suicide.
27. Hofmann: Wien. med. Presse, 1880, xxi., p. 201.—Man, age 68, suicide by hanging. There was profuse hemorrhage from both ears.
28. Ibid.: 1878, xix., pp. 489-493.—Woman, found dead sitting in bed. She first tried to poison herself with arsenic, then hung herself.
29. Ibid.—Man, tried to poison himself with phosphorus and sulphuric acid, then hung himself. There was a transverse rupture of the sterno-cleido mastoid muscle and suffusion in its sheath.
30. Maschka: Wien. med. Woch., 1880, xxx., pp. 714, 747, 1075.—Man, age 63. It was at first a question of suicide by hanging or homicide by strangling. He concluded that it was the former.