[285] Barton v. Allbright, 29 Ind., 488; Campau v. North, 39 Mich., 606; Territory v. Corbett, 3 Mont., 50; Blair v. Chic. & Alton R. R. Co., 89 Mo., 334; Johnson v. Johnson, 14 Wend. (N. Y.), 636.
[286] N. Y. Code Civ. Pro., s. 836 (Act 1876, c. 448), as amended Act 1877, c. 416, s. 185. Previous to the Code of Civil Procedure the provision for waiver was not in the statute, 2 R. S., 406, s. 73.
The amendment of 1891 allowed an express waiver of information, except confidential communications and such facts as would tend to disgrace the memory of the patient, by his personal representatives, or if the validity of the last will and testament of the patient is in question, by the executor or executors named in said will. Law 1891, c. 381.
The amendment of 1892 added the surviving husband, widow, heir at law, any of the next of kin or any other party in interest, in case the validity of the last will and testament of the patient is in question. Law 1892, c. 514. The present law contains the same provisions. Act 1893, c. 295.
[287] Westover v. Ætna L. I. Co., 99 N. Y., 56; Loder v. Whelpley, 111 N. Y., 239; Alberti v. N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R. Co., 118 N. Y., 77. Staunton v. Parker, 19 Hun, 55, is thus overruled.
[288] See In matter of Freeman, 46 Hun, 548 (N. Y. Supr. Ct., G. T.,1887).
See Adrereno v. Mut. Res. F. L. I. Co. (U. S. C. C. Mich.), 34 Fed. Rep., 870.
[289] Alberti v. N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R. Co., 118 N. Y., 77.
[290] Masonic Mut. Ben. Assn. v. Beck, 77 Ind., 203.
[291] Fraser v. Jennison, 42 Mich., 206.