[23] The lance of the thirteenth century was always sharp, and, as mentioned more particularly earlier in this chapter, the coronal was a contrivance of the fourteenth century. The word “stechen” means to pierce, so its very designation carries the course back possibly to the thirteenth century.

[24] Very often the Grandguard and Volant-piece are screwed together.

[25] The piece usually called Pass-guard is the projecting guard over the shoulders for stopping pike-thrusts, but we have Viscount Dillon’s authority that the Tilting Elbow-guard is really the Pass-guard.

[26] Helmets and Mail, p. 84.

[27] The Redmarshal effigy is in the County of Durham, and the Downes effigy is in the North Choir Aisle of Macclesfield Church, in Yorkshire.

[28] Hewitt.

[29] Like many classifications of the kind, this is rather arbitrary, as we have many late instances of “bear-paw” sollerets.

[30] Caylus figures a Roman caltrop (Recueil iv., Pl. 98).

[31] The designation “Gothisch” (Gothic) seems as ridiculous and inappropriate when applied to armour as to architecture.

[32] The mentonnière is throughout referred to as the combined piece of gorget and chin-piece as used with the sallad.