a. Proper names—generally of geographical localities; as the Thames, Kent, &c.
b. Common names retained in the provincial dialects of England, but not retained in the current language; as gwethall = household stuff, and gwlanen = flannel in Herefordshire.
c. Common names retained in the current language.—The following list is Mr. Garnett's:—
| Welsh. | English. | Welsh. | English. |
| Basgawd | Basket. | Gefyn (fetter) | Gyve. |
| Berfa | Barrow. | Greidell | Grid in Gridiron. |
| Botwm | Button. | Grual | Gruel. |
| Bràn | Bran. | Gwald (hem, border) | Welt. |
| Clwt | Clout, Rag. | Gwiced (little door) | Wicket. |
| Crochan | Crockery. | Gwn | Gown. |
| Crog | Crook, Hook. | Gwyfr | Wire. |
| Cwch | Cock, in Cock-boat. | Masg (stitch in netting) | Mesh. |
| Cwysed | Gusset. | Mattog | Mattock. |
| Cyl, Cyln | Kiln (Kill, provinc.). | Mop | Mop. |
| Dantaeth | Dainty. | Rhail (fence) | Rail. |
| Darn | Darn. | Rhashg (slice) | Rasher. |
| Deentur | Tenter, in Tenterhook. | Rhuwch | Rug. |
| Fflaim | Fleam, Cattle-lancet. | Sawduriaw | Solder. |
| Fflaw | Flaw. | Syth (glue) | Size. |
| Ffynnell (air-hole) | Funnel. | Tacl | Tackle. |
[§ 71]. Latin of the first period.—Of the Latin introduced by Cæsar and his successors, the few words
remaining are those that relate to military affairs; viz. street (strata); -coln (as in Lincoln = Lindi colonia); -cest- (as in Gloucester = glevæ castra) from castra. The Latin words introduced between the time of Cæsar and Hengist may be called the Latin of the first period, or the Latin of the Celtic period.
[§ 72]. The Anglo-Saxon.—This is not noticed here, because, from being the staple of the present language, it is more or less the subject of the book throughout.
[§ 73]. The Danish, or Norse.—The pirates that pillaged Britain, under the name of Danes, were not exclusively the inhabitants of Denmark. Of the three Scandinavian nations, the Swedes took the least share, the Norwegians the greatest, in these invasions.
The language of the three nations was the same; the differences being differences of dialect. It was that which is now spoken in Iceland, having been once common to Scandinavia and Denmark.
The Danish that became incorporated with our language, under the reign of Canute and his sons, may be called the direct Danish element, in contradistinction to the indirect Danish of § [76].