1. that the th in thin is a simple single sound, different from the th in thine, and that it may be expressed by the sign þ.
2. That the th in thine is a simple single sound, different from the th in thin, and that it may be expressed by the sign ð.
3. That the sh in shine is a simple single sound, and that it may be expressed by the sign σ (Greek σῖγμα).
4. That the z in azure, glazier (French j), is a simple single sound, and that it may be expressed by the sign ζ (Greek ζῆτα).
5. That in the Laplandic, and possibly in many other languages, there are two peculiar sounds, different from any in English, German, and French, &c., and that they may respectively be expressed by the sign κ and the sign γ (Greek κάππα and γάμμα).
With these preliminary notices we may exhibit the system of the sixteen mutes; having previously determined the meaning of two fresh terms, and bearing in mind what was said concerning the words sharp and flat, continuous and explosive.
Lene and aspirate.—From the sound of p in pat, the sound of f in fat differs in a certain degree. This difference is not owing to a difference in their sharpness or flatness. Each is sharp. Neither is it owing to a difference in their continuity or explosiveness; although, at the first glance, such might appear to be the case. F is continuous, whilst p is explosive. S, however, is continuous, and s, in respect to the difference under consideration, is classed not with f the continuous sound but with p the explosive one. I am unable to account for the difference between p and f. It exists: it is visible. It has been expressed by a term. P is called lene, f is called aspirate.
As f is to p so is v to b.
As v is to b so is þ to t.