9. Nine=ἐννέα, novem. The Mœso-Gothic form is nigun, the Icelandic niu. In the Latin novem the v=the g of nigun. In the English and Greek it is wanting. The explanation of the -n and -m will be found in the following chapter.
10. Ten=δέκα, decem. The Mœso-Gothic form is tihun; wherein the h=the c of decem and the κ of δέκα. The Icelandic form is tiu, and, like δέκα, is without the -n (or -m). The hypothesis as to the -m or -n will be given in the next chapter.
11. Eleven. By no means the equivalent to undecim=1 + 10.
α. The e is ein=one. Einlif, ein-lef, eilef, eilf, elf, Old High German; andlova, Old Frisian; end-leofan, endlufan, Anglo-Saxon. This is universally admitted.
β. The -lev- is a modification of the root laib-an=manere=to stay=to be over. Hence eleven=one over (ten). This is not universally admitted.
γ. The -n has not been well accounted for. It is peculiar to the Low Germanic dialects.—Deutsche Grammatik, ii. 946.
12. Twelve=the root two + the root laib=two over (ten). Tvalif, Mœso-Gothic; zuelif, Old High German; toll, Swedish. The same doubts that apply to the doctrine of the -lv- in eleven representing the root -laib, apply to the -lv- in twelve.—Deutsche Grammatik, ii. 946.
13. Thirteen=3 + 10. So on till twenty.
30. Thirty=3 × 10, or three decads. This difference in the decimal power of the syllables -teen and -ty is illustrated by—
α. The Mœso-Gothic.—Here we find the root tig- used as a true substantive, equivalent in form as well as power to the Greek δέκ-ας. Tváim tigum þusandjom=duobus decadibus myriadum. (Luke xiv. 31.) Jêrê þrijê tigivé=annorum duarum decadum. (Luke iii. 23.) þrins tiguns silubrinaize=tres decadas argenteorum. (Matthew xxvii. 3, 9.)—Deutsche Grammatik, ii. 948.