4. Celtic elements of the Anglo-Norman, introduced into England after the Conquest, and occurring in that language as remains of the original Celtic of Gaul.
5. Those that have been retained from the original Celtic of the island, and which form genuine constituents of our language. These fall into three subdivisions.
a. Proper names—generally of geographical localities; as the Thames, Kent, &c.
b. Common names retained in the provincial dialects of England, but not retained in the current language; as gwethall=household stuff, and gwlanen=flannel in Herefordshire.
c. Common names retained in the current language.—The following list is Mr. Garnett's:—
| Welsh. | English. |
| Basgawd | Basket. |
| Berfa | Barrow. |
| Botwm | Button. |
| Bràn | Bran. |
| Clwt | Clout, Rag. |
| Crochan | Crock, Crockery. |
| Crog | Crook, Hook. |
| Cwch | Cock, in Cock-boat. |
| Cwysed | Gusset. |
| Cyl, Cyln | Kiln (Kill, provinc.). |
| Dantaeth | Dainty. |
| Darn | Darn. |
| Deentur | Tenter, in Tenterhook. |
| Fflaim | Fleam, Cattle-lancet. |
| Fflaw | Flaw. |
| Ffynnell (air-hole) | Funnel. |
| Gefyn (fetter) | Gyve. |
| Greidell | Grid, in Gridiron. |
| Grual | Gruel. |
| Gwald (hem, border) | Welt. |
| Gwiced (little door) | Wicket. |
| Gwn | Gown. |
| Gwyfr | Wire. |
| Masg (stitch in netting) | Mesh. |
| Mattog | Mattock. |
| Mop | Mop. |
| Rhail (fence) | Rail. |
| Rhasg (slice) | Rasher. |
| Rhuwch | Rug. |
| Sawduriaw | Solder. |
| Syth (glue) | Size. |
| Tacl | Tackle. |
[§ 150]. Latin of the first period.—Of the Latin introduced by Cæsar and his successors, the few words remaining are those that relate to military affairs; viz. street (strata); coln (as in Lincoln=Lindi colonia); cest (as in Gloucester=glevæ castra) from castra. The Latin words introduced between the time of Cæsar and Hengist may be called the Latin of the first period, or the Latin of the Celtic period.
[§ 151]. The Anglo-Saxon.—This is not noticed here, because from being the staple of the present language it is more or less the subject of the book throughout.
[§ 152]. The Danish, or Norse.—The pirates that pillaged Britain, under the name of Danes, were not exclusively the inhabitants of Denmark. Of the three Scandinavian nations, the Swedes took the least share, the Norwegians the greatest