The conclusive proof that the old Titicacans were naturally flat-headed would be the not impossible discovery of a mummied fœtus, with a facial angle preternaturally acute. Such, however, has yet to be discovered. Till then the Aymaras, who can be proved by historical evidence to have once flattened the forehead, must pass for the descendants of the Titicacans.
What breaks down the distinctions between the Peruvian and Eskimo, breaks down à fortiori all those lesser ones by which the other members of the American population have been separated from each other. Still, as a sample of arrangement, and as a practical exhibition of the differences in physical conformation which are found within the limits of South America, I conclude the section upon the American Mongolidæ with a view of D'Orbigny's classification of the Indians between the Isthmus of Darien and Cape Horn; at the same time referring the reader to his valuable monograph (L'Homme Americain).
SOUTH AMERICAN INDIANS.
Colour, yellow, brown, or copper-red; height, variable; hair, thick, coarse, black, smooth, and long; beard, thin, coarse, black, never wavy, late in making its appearance; chin, short; eyes, small, deep-set; jaws, prominent; teeth, nearly vertical; eyebrows, prominent.
1. Primary divisions, or races (so-called)—
A. Ando-Peruvian.—Colour, olive-brown; stature, low; forehead, either depressed, or but slightly vaulted; eyes, horizontal, never bridés at their outer angle.
B. Pampa.—Stature, often considerable; forehead, vaulted; eyes, sometimes bridés at the outer angle.
C. Brazilio-Guarani.—Colour, yellowish; forehead, not retreating; eyes, oblique.
A. Ando-Peruvians—