Physical appearance.—Stature small, complexion light, face broad and round, beard scanty, hair long, black, or brown, sometimes red. The Kalmuk (i.e. Mongolian) character of the Vogul physiognomy is noticed by Pallas.
The Voguls are very nearly on the low level of a tribe of fishers and hunters. Except towards the south, where they are partially Russianized, and where they have also partially adopted the manners of the Bashkirs, there is but little pasturage, and no agriculture. The horse is not in use amongst them—the rein-deer being the nearest approach to a domestic animal. Their tribute is paid in its skins.
THE OSTIAKS.
Locality.—Valley of the Obi—Eastwards to the Yenisey.
Name.—Russian, probably originally Bashkir. The native name—Kondycho, Tyakum, or Asyakh. Called by the Samöeids, Thahe; by the Voguls, Mansi.
Conterminous with.—The Voguls on the west, the Samöeids on the north, the Barabinsky and other Turkish tribes, and (probably) with the Yeniseians on the south.
Numbers.—About one hundred thousand.
Dialects.—Numerous.—The Southern mixed with the Vogul, the Northern with the Samöeid.
Physical appearance.—Stature short, bones small, muscular strength little; face flat, hair red, or reddish.
Religion.—Shamanism in the north, imperfect Christianity in the south.