Localities.—Finland; settlers in Sweden and Norway.
Native Name.—Suomolaiset.
Swedish.—Finn.
Norwegian.—Qwæn.
Dialects.—a. Finlandic Proper; b. Savolax, spoken in Savolax, and Carelia.
Religion.—Lutheranism.
Finnish words.—Kanguri=weaver, seppa=smith, wapa=freeman, orya, palvelya=slave, myyda, ostaa=buy and sell, yuoma=ale, kalya=beer, kandele, youhe-kandele=musical instruments, keria=book, raamattu=writing.
| ENGLISH. | FINLANDIC. | SWEDISH. |
|---|---|---|
| King, | Kunengas, | Konung. |
| Prince, | Ruhtinas, | Thruhtin. |
| Judge, | Duomari, | Dömare. |
| Cheese, | Yuusto, | Ost. |
| Wine, | Saxan wiina,[31] | Viin.[31] |
| Rye, | Ruis, | Rug. |
| Oats, | Havra, | Haver. |
Two lists, one of Finlandic, and one of Swedish, words have been placed at the head of the present section, for the sake of serving as an introduction to some of the questions contained in it. They are all taken from Rühs' work on Finland and its inhabitants, where the analysis of the language serves instead of historical testimony. By observing what terms are native, and what are Swedish, we separate the early native civilization of Finland, from the civilization introduced from Sweden. Thus, on looking over the preceding glosses, we find that the only terms applicable to a social or political constitution, are those for slave and freeman; king, ruler, judge, &c., being expressed by Swedish words. So also with the industrial trades; weaving was Finnic from the beginning, and so was smith's-work; but the carpenter, the builder, the ship-builder, are importations, and so on. There are native terms for buying and selling, for ale and beer, and for more than two musical instruments; but there are no native terms for wine, and none for dancing.
For the metals, and agriculture, the terms are almost always native. Cheese, however, on the one side, and gold, tin, and lead, on the other, have Swedish names. So have oats and rye.