“Strength of Upper Arms, Biceps. The subject should grasp a horizontal bar or pair of rings and hang with the feet clear from the floor while the arms are extended. Note the number of times that he can haul his body up until his chin touches the bar or ring.

“Strength of Forearms. The subject, while holding the dynamometer so that the dial is turned inward, should squeeze the spring as hard as possible, first with the right hand then with the left. The strength of the muscles between the shoulders may be tested with the same instrument. The subject, while holding the dynamometer on a level with the chest, should grasp it with handles and pull both arms from the centre outward.

“The total strength is ascertained by multiplying the weight by the number of times it has been raised (push up and pull up), to this product we add the strength of hands, legs, back, and chest. The result is the total strength of the man. In some cases the product obtained by multiplying the weight by push up and pull up is divided by ten to reduce the size of the figures. We have not done so here.

“The run, vault, and ladder tests are not figured in. The lung capacity is also omitted from the final figures.”

The following tables furnished by Dr. Anderson and Dr. Callahan give (1) the measurements of the eleven men who completed the experiment, taken on October 12, 1903, and April 2, 1904. For comparison are also given measurements of Yale College students, athletes, etc. (2) Strength or dynamometer tests, i. e., the first test taken in October and the final test taken in April, 1904, together with Columbia University strength tests for comparison. (3) A series of eleven tables giving for each man the individual strength tests, two or three each month, taken during the stay of the detachment in New Haven. Study of these individual results is quite interesting, since it shows very strikingly the gradual gain in strength of the men, and at the same time illustrates how temporary conditions, bodily or mental, may influence a record of this character, more noticeable in some individuals than in others. Mental stimulus, as is well known, counts for much in the manifestation of muscular power, but the neuro-muscular mechanism depends for its highest efficiency upon the nutritive condition of the tissues as much as does the muscle tissue alone. In the obtaining of a strength test, it is usually found that the best results are recorded when there is competition among the men; i. e., under the influence of an outside stimulus.

MEASUREMENTS.

(October 12—April 2.)

Weight.[*]Girth Neck.Waist.Chest Normal.Chest Inflated.Chest Deflated.Right Biceps.Right Thigh.Left Biceps.Left Calf.Left Thigh.Right Calf.
Henderson1573627559531035890316510291362500351
1533697319421025886311503287357495347
Oakman145344738888947793305508289335512330
137336727869938795297502282331507331
Morris129340713850932831280519283327502325
131351719862938834285525290333509332
Zooman120350713868920804290479286312478313
122360712859914803307486293315484314
Coffman129352738860923815309518311354520350
127349716857931818314527316359529354
Steltz116330713815850779291487283319483318
115330717821857771287492281324478322
Loewenthal133338680835881822315510311338512333
130341684840890819306504302342505337
Sliney135359718824930823314476302331473330
133361702834926813306475298333475332
Fritz167390860880930860360560343377562375
161361795892997855358555340372559373
Cohn142363810871912832326536310374528375
138354771878914818324529308371520371
Broyles130356710851941805281500282341498334
133370720864966798283506284344501338
Yale College[†]139350730861910295515350509350
Yale College[‡]147357747886940308534358527361

[*] Given here in pounds.