[26] “The Cardinals’ Gospel,” translated from the Carmina Burana by G. G. Coulton, in A Mediæval Garner, 1910, p. 347.
[27] Printed from the Carmina Burana by S. Gaselee, An Anthology of Medieval Latin, 1925, pp. 58-9.
[28] Innocent IV gave them in 1248 the title of “Romanæ ecclesiæ filii speciales” (Ehrenberg, Das Zeitalter der Fugger, 1896, vol. ii, p. 66).
[29] For Grosstête see Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, vol. v, pp. 404-5 (where he is reported as denouncing the Cahorsines, “whom in our time the holy fathers and teachers ... had driven out of France, but who have been encouraged and protected by the Pope in England, which did not formerly suffer from this pestilence”), and F. S. Stevenson, Robert Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln, 1899, pp. 101-4. For the bishop of London and the Cahorsines see Matthew Paris, Chron. Maj., vol. iii, pp. 331-2. A useful collection of references on the whole subject is given by Ehrenberg, op. cit., vol. ii, pp. 64-8.
[30] Registrum Epistolarum J. Peckham, vol. i, p. 18, July 1279 (translated by Coulton, Social Life in Britain from the Conquest to the Reformation, p. 345).
[31] For cases of clerical usury see Selden Society, vol. v, 1891, Leet Jurisdiction in the City of Norwich, ed. W. Hudson, p. 35; Hist. MSS. Comm., MSS. of the Marquis of Lothian, 1905, p. 26; and Th. Bonnin, Regestrum Visitationum Odonis Rigaldi, 1852, p. 35. See also note 88 (below).
[32] The Chapter of Notre-Dame appears to have lent money at interest to the citizens of Paris (A. Luchaire, Social France at the time of Philip Augustus, translated by E. B. Krehbiel, 1912, p. 130). For the bishop’s advice to the usurer see ibid., p. 166.
[33] From a letter of St. Bernard, c.1125, printed by Coulton, A Mediæval Garner, pp. 68-73.
[34] Aquinas, De Regimine Principum, lib. ii, cap. i-vii, where the economic foundations of a State are discussed.
[35] Aquinas, Summa Theol., 2a 2æ, Q. lxxxiii, art. vi. For St. Antonino’s remarks to the same purpose, see Jarrett, St. Antonino and Mediæval Economics, p. 59.