[86] Winthrop, op. cit., vol. ii, p. 20.
[87] J. A. Doyle, The English in America, vol. ii, 1887, p. 57; the price of cattle “must not be judged by urgent necessity, but by reasonable profit.”
[88] Roger Williams, The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution, 1644, chap. lv.
[89] Winthrop, op. cit., vol. i, pp. 315-18. A similar set of rules as to the conduct of the Christian in trade are given by Bunyan in The Life and Death of Mr. Badman, 1905 ed., pp. 118-22.
[90] I owe this phrase to the excellent book of J. T. Adams, The Founding of New England.
CHAPTER III
[1] J. Rossus, Historia Regum Angliæ (ed. T. Hearne).
[2] 4 Hen. VII, c. 19; 6 Hen. VIII, c. 5; 7 Hen. VIII, c. 1; 25 Hen. VIII, c. 13. For the Commission of 1517 see Leadam, The Domesday of Enclosures.
[3] For examples see J. S. Schapiro, Social Reform and the Reformation, pp. 60-1, 65, 67, 70-1.
[4] More, Utopia, p. 32 (Pitt Press ed., 1879): “Noblemen and gentlemen, yea and certeyne abbottes, holy men no doubt ... leave no grounde for tillage, thei enclose al into pastures.” For a case of claiming a bondman see Selden Society, vol. xvi, 1903, Select Cases in the Court of Star Chamber, pp. cxxiii-cxxix, 118-29 (Carter v. the Abbott of Malmesbury); for conversion of copyholds to tenancies at will, Selden Society, vol. xii, 1898, Select Cases in the Court of Requests, pp. lix-lxv, 64-101 (Kent and other inhabitants of Abbot’s Ripton v. St. John; the change was alleged to have been made in 1471).