[602] Smith, De Republica Anglorum, Lib. I., chap. xxiv.
[603] 4 Henry VII., c. 19.
[604] Gairdner, L. and P. Hen. VIII., xii., I. p. 595.
[605] D'Ewes' Journal, p. 674: “Mr. Secretary Cecil said, '... I think that whosoever doth not maintain the plough destroys this kingdom.... I am sure when warrants go from the Council for levying of men in the counties, and the certificates be returned unto us again, we find the greatest part of them to be ploughmen.'" See also on this point Appendix I., Nos. iv., v., vi., and viii.
[606] Original Papers of the Norfolk and Norwich Archæological Society (1909), p. 144.
[607] Pauli, Drei volkswirthshaftliche Denkscriften, How to Reform the Realm in Setting Men to Work to restore Tillage: “The kynge and his lordes have nede to mynyster right ordre of common wele; or els they must needs destroy their own wealth by the very ordenaince of God, for they are upholden and borne upon the body. Yf they will be riche, they must first see all common people have riches.”
[608] 1 Eliz. cap. xxi. Prothero Statutes and Constitutional Documents, 1558–1625. Two subsidies of 1s. 8d. and 1s. were imposed on “every pound, as well in coin, ... as also plate, stock of merchandises, all manner of corn and blades, household stuff, and of all other goods moveable,” and two subsidies of 2s. 8d. and 1s. 4d. on the “yearly profits" of land.
[609] D'Ewes' Journal, p. 633. “Sir Walter Raleigh said ... 'Call you this par iugum when a poor man pays as much as a rich, and peradventure his estate is no better than he is set at, or little better; when our estates, that be thirty or forty pounds in the queen’s books, are not the hundredth part of our wealth?'”
[610] Fortescue, On the Governance of England, chap. xii.: “The reaume off Ffraunce givith never ffrely off thair owne good will any subsidie to thair prince, because the commons thereoff be so pouere.... But owre commons be riche, and therefore thai give to thair kynge as somme tymes quinsimes and dessimes, and ofte tymes other grete subsidies.”
[611] Bacon, History of King Henry VII. (Pitt Press Series), pp. 70–71: “The more gentlemen, ever the lower book of subsidies.”