Страница - 158 Страница - 160 Admission fines, see Fines Agrarian changes, the—causes of, [6–7] , [12–13] , [185–200] contemporary accounts of, [6–8] general effect of, [403–404] localities most affected by, [153–154] , [182] , [262] , [405] of fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, [11–12] , [11–12] , [136–147] , [161–162] of sixteenth century, [6–8] , [147–173] , [213–230] , [301–310] of eighteenth century, [34] , [183–184] , [406] part played by capitalist farmers in, [200–202] , [213–266] part played by peasants in, [136–173] reaction of on peasantry, [7–8] , [231–280] resistance of peasants to, [302–304] , [317–340] See also Agriculture, Enclosure, Land, Pasture Agriculture—capitalist, [6–7] , [200–204] , [210–230] cattle, importance of to, [113–115] , [239–242] changes in methods of, see Agrarian changes commercial development, effect of on, [185–188] , [195–197] common rights, importance of to, [238–242] communal elements in, [128–131] , [159–161] , [205–207] , [243–246] corn growing, part played by in, [105–112] corn laws, effect of on, [112–113] , [197] custom, effect of on, [75–78] , [124–131] , [292–301] enclosure by peasants, effect of on, [152–153] , [158] , [169–173] enclosure by manorial authorities, effect of on, [216–223] farmer of demesne, part played by in, [201–204] , [210–230] for market, [214–216] for subsistence, [111–112] improvements in, [110–111] , [170–172] markets, effect of on, [196–197] , [214–215] mediæval, not incompatible with change, [75–97] , [172] , [404–405] methods of—in Cornwall, [262] , [405] " Devonshire, [167] , [262] , [405] " Essex, [167] , [262] , [405] " Kent, [167] , [262] , [405] " Lancashire, [63] , [65] " Midlands, [65] , [167] , [192] " Norfolk, [63] , [65] , [405] " Northumberland, [63] , [65] , [189–192] " Suffolk, [63] , [262] " Somerset, [110–111] , [171] , [262] , [405] " Staffordshire, [63] , [65] " Wiltshire, [63] , [65] , [212] on demesne farms, [200–230] " monastic estates, [382–383] " peasants' holdings, [105–115] open field system of, see Open field system pasture farming instead of, see Pasture rise in prices, effects of on, [197–200] , [304–310] social importance of, [341–347] speculation, effects of on, [381–383] views as to, of Clarkson, [5] , [189–190] " " Fitzherbert, [5] , [109] , [112] , [117–118] , [150] , [151–152] , [242] " " Norden, [5] , [108] , [110–111] , [118] , [150] , [151] , [171] , [308] woollen industry, effects of on, [6] , [195–197] Apprenticeship, effect of on marriage, [104–106] Arable land—backbone of peasants' livelihood, [105–108] common rights, necessary for cultivation of, [239–242] conversion of to pasture, [223–230] , [232–233] , [258] corn yielded by acre of, [110–111] enclosure of for better cultivation by large farmers, [10] , [221–224] enclosure of for better cultivation by peasants, [151–153] , [162–164] estimated number of persons maintained by holding of, [261] proportion of to pasture and meadow in Staffordshire, [392–393] proportion of to pasture and meadow on demesne farms, [225–228] proportion of to pasture and meadow on peasants' holdings, [107] reconversion of pasture to— Aristocracy—acquisition of monastic estates by some of the, [380–384] attack of on Somerset’s land policy, [367–368] , [370–372] contrast between mediæval and that of sixteenth century, [191–194] growth of commerce, effect of, on the, [187–188] , [191–194] Harrington’s account of social changes in the, [38] , [191] landholding peasants not an, [100–102] part played by in Pilgrimage of Grace, [322–324] relations of to tenants in North and South contrasted, [188–191] Tudor policy, effect of on powers of the, [188–195] unpopularity of administrative Courts with the. [397–400] See also Index of Persons, Bath, Brudenell, Darcy, Derby, Englefield, Harrington, Herbert, St. John, Shrewsbury, Saye and Sele, Somerset, Warwick, Willoughby, Wolsey, Yorke, Leicester, Northumberland.