The Agrarian Problem in the Sixteenth Century

by R. H. Tawney

• Money—
  • increase in supply of in sixteenth century, [197–200]
  • " " " effects of, [199–200], [304], [308–310]
  • scarcity of, [198]

• Money rents—
  • corn payments substituted for, [198]
  • general in sixteenth century, [211–212]

• “Nativi,” see Villeinage

• New allotments—
  • distinction between customary holdings and, [95], [284–287], [289–290], [293–294]
  • rents on, [141–147]
  • resumption by lords of, [285–287]

• North of England—
  • absence of demesne from some manors in, [203]
  • administration of Acts against depopulation in, [374–375]
  • copyhold tenure in, [190–191]
  • customary of a manor in, [101]
  • demands of rebels in, [335–336], see also Pilgrimage of Grace
  • economic conservatism of, [63–66], [189–191]
  • enclosing by peasants in, [157–158]
  • equality of holdings in, [63–66], [189]
  • eviction from a manor in, [257–258]
  • importance of numerous tenantry in, [189–191]
  • labour services on a manor in, [52–53]
  • preponderance of customary tenants in, [25–26]
  • rebellions in, see Pilgrimage of Grace
  • relations between lords and tenants in, [189–191]
  • size of enclosures in, [154]
  • undermining of customary tenures in, [303–305]

• Open field system, the—
  • advantage of, to peasants, [103–104]
  • arrangement of demesne land under, [222–223], [254–256]
  • early decay of in Kent, Essex, and Devonshire, [167], [202–263], [405]
  • gradual modification of by peasants, [165–166], [172]
  • ideas underlying, [169–170]
  • inconvenience of, [171–172]
  • picture of in maps, [163–164], [222–223]
  • prevalence of in seventeenth century, [401–402]
  • uncertainty of boundaries under, [235–236]
  • See also Common Land, Enclosures, Maps, Strips

• Pannage paid by copyholders in sixteenth century, [53]

• Parks—
  • made by landlords, [148], [201]
  • spared in Pilgrimage of Grace, [335]

• Parliament—
  • Act of to fix fines demanded, [335]
  • Acts of, ineffectiveness of, [352–353], [355]
  • attitude of freeholders to, [36], [39], [121–122]
  • debates in on Enclosures, [343], [387–388]
  • " " Poor Law, [273–275]
  • " " subsidies, [345–346]
  • petition of peasants to, [251]
  • request to return member to refused, [387]
  • See also Acts of Parliament

• Pasture—
  • acreage of held by customary tenants, [107]
  • " " " farmers of demesnes, [225–226]
  • " " on monastic estates, [225]
  • administration of by village, [102], [159–161], [243–246]
  • apportionment of to arable holdings, [240–241], [247]
  • conversion of arable to, [223–230]
  • division of by peasants, [157]
  • enclosure of by peasants, [157], [170]
  • " " manorial authorities, [219–221]
  • importance of to peasants, [235], [239–242]
  • reconversion of to arable, [367], [391–393]
  • See also Agriculture, Common Land, Farmers