[331] Schanz, Englische Handelspolitik gegen Ende der Mittelalters, Band II., “Zoll und Handelstatistik,” pp. 1–156.
[332] Unwin, Industrial Organisation in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries.
[333] See e.g. the account of the East Anglian woollen industry in the Victoria County History, Suffolk (Unwin’s article on “Social and Economic History").
[334] G.R. Lewis, The Stanneries, pp. 214–215, and quotations from Lansdowne MSS. 76, fol. 34, given there.
[335] Hist. MSS. Com., Cd. 5567 (Report on the MSS. of Lord Middleton).
[336] W.R. Scott, Joint-Stock Companies to 1720, vol. ii.
[337] For a description of “The Exchange and What It is,” see T. Wilson, Discourse upon Usurie (1584): his remark, “The second kind of bill ... may be called sicke and dry exchange, and is practised where one doth borrowe money abroad ... not meaning to make any real payment abroad, but compoundeth with the exchange to have it returned again," illustrates what is said above. See also Camden Society, Dialogue or Confabulation of Two Travellers (1580): “The said Hans had provided £10,000 for the Prince of Condy upon five in the 100 at interest, and if I would have the like he would help me unto it. Then I ... pondered what benefit it would be to me to let it out again at ten in the hundred to some nobleman in England.” Down to about 1560 at any rate the English Government was constantly in the hands of foreign capitalists. See Gairdner, L. and P. Henry VIII., and Burgon’s Life of Gresham.
[338] e.g. Prussia before 1807.
[339] For examples see A. Abram, Social England in the Fifteenth Century, especially Part II., chap, ii., “The Rise of the Middle Class,” and Plummer’s Fortescue, p. 17. In the Cely Papers (Camden Society), p. 153, a correspondent of George Cely writes, “yowre sallys made withyn lesse than thys yere amountes above £2000 sterling.”
[340] See the Paston Letters, passim; and also the account given in Hist. MSS. Com., Cd. 5567 (Report on the MSS. of Lord Middleton), 142–145, of the marvellous doings of Sir Gylles Strangways in Dorsetshire as late as 1539; pp. 115–117 contain a similar case of private warfare from the year 1477.