1892. Taylor (7397).—A beating engine in which the beater roll operates in a closed chamber above the vat full of pulp, the stuff being continually circulated by a centrifugal pump which draws the stock from the bottom of the vat and delivers it to the beater roll.
1892. Annandale (9173).—A conical-shaped beating engine with the beater roll rotating in a vertical position; the larger end of the cone being downwards.
1892. Umpherston (15766).—An addition to the beating engine arranged so that two fixed bedplates are used instead of one.
1892. Miller (15947).—A machine in which two fixed bedplates are used, one below the beater roll and one above, the engine being fitted with suitable baffle plates to ensure proper circulation.
1893. Pearson and Bertram (11956).—A special form of refining engine in which the pulp is subjected to the action of discs rotating vertically, the knives being arranged radially on the disc.
1893. Caldwell (15332).—A rotary beating engine in which the beating surfaces admit of accurate adjustment.
1894. Cornett (945).—An outlet is fixed to the beater roll casing close to the discharge from the bedplate, so that the roll is not impeded by the weight of the pulp, which is subsequently pumped to the front of the beater roll.
1894. Shand and Bertram (4136).—A beating engine similar to the Umpherston beater in which the beater roll is raised up out of the pulp and the circulation effected by means of a worm which delivers the pulp to the front of the beater roll.
1894. Pickles (20255).—A beating engine somewhat similar to an Umpherston, but fitted with three beater rolls and bedplates.
1894. Hibbert (25040).—A beating engine in which the pulp is beaten between two discs rotating vertically, the pulp being brought between the discs through the hollow shaft of one of the discs.