[CONTENTS]

PAGE
PREFACE[v]
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS[ix]
CHAPTER
I.HISTORICAL NOTICE[1]
II.CELLULOSE AND PAPER-MAKING FIBRES[20]
III.THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FROM RAGS[47]
IV.ESPARTO AND STRAW[72]
V.WOOD PULP, AND WOOD PULP PAPERS[95]
VI.BROWN PAPERS AND BOARDS[126]
VII.SPECIAL KINDS OF PAPER[137]
VIII.CHEMICALS USED IN PAPER-MAKING[153]
IX.THE PROCESS OF “BEATING”[175]
X.THE DYEING AND COLOURING OF PAPER PULP[199]
XI.PAPER MILL MACHINERY[214]
XII.THE DETERIORATION OF PAPER[229]
XIII.BIBLIOGRAPHY[253]
INDEX[273]

[LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS]

FIG.PAGE
1.SHEET OF PAPYRUS, SHOWING THE LAYERS CROSSING ONE ANOTHER[3]
2.AN EARLY PAPER MILL (FROM “KULTURHISTORISCHEN BILDERBUCH,” A.D. 1564)[10]
3.THE PAPER MILL OF ULMAN STROMER, A.D. 1390 (SUPPOSED TO BE THE OLDEST KNOWN DRAWING OF A PAPER MILL)[12]
4.THE FIRST PAPER MACHINE, A.D. 1802. PLAN AND ELEVATION[17]
5.THE IMPROVED PAPER MACHINE OF A.D. 1810[18]
6.A RAG SORTING HOUSE[47]
7.A RAG DUSTER[49]
8.A RAG CUTTER[50]
9.INTERIOR OF PAPER MILL FOR HAND-MADE PAPER (R. BATCHELOR & SONS)[51]
10.VIEW OF A RAG BOILER, SHOWING CONNECTIONS[52]
11.A BREAKING AND WASHING ENGINE[54]
12.OETTEL AND HAAS' APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ELECTROLYTIC BLEACH LIQUOR[58]
13.THE “HOLLANDER” BEATING ENGINE[59]
14.THE HAND MOULD, SHOWING FRAME AND DECKLE[61]
15.APPARATUS FOR SIZING PAPER IN CONTINUOUS ROLLS[63]
16.A SUPERCALENDER[65]
17.THE FIRST WATERMARK IN PAPER[67]
18.COTTON[69]
19.LINEN[70]
20.AN ESPARTO DUSTER[74]
21.SINCLAIR'S “VOMITING” ESPARTO BOILER[75]
22.A PORION EVAPORATOR[76]
23.SCOTT'S MULTIPLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR[79]
24.A PRESSE-PÂTE FOR ESPARTO PULP[85]
25.ESPARTO PULP[88]
26.A CYLINDRICAL DIGESTER FOR BOILING FIBRE[89]
27.STRAW[93]
28.A PAIR OF BARKERS FOR REMOVING BARK FROM LOGS OF WOOD[98]
29.VIEW OF HORIZONTAL GRINDER (A), WITH SECTION (B)[99]
30.A VERTICAL GRINDER FOR MAKING HOT GROUND MECHANICAL WOOD PULP[101]
31.CENTRIFUGAL SCREEN FOR WOOD PULP[102]
32.SECTION OF CENTRIFUGAL SCREEN FOR WOOD PULP[103]
33.WOOD PULP DIGESTER, PARTLY IN ELEVATION, PARTLY IN SECTION[106]
34.VIEW OF ORDINARY SULPHUR-BURNING OVENS[108]
35.SPRUCE WOOD PULP[114]
36.MECHANICAL WOOD PULP[115]
37.THE SCREENS FOR REMOVING COARSE FIBRES FROM BEATEN PULP[118]
38.THE PAPER MACHINE (WET END SHOWING WIRE)[119]
39.PAPER MACHINE SHOWING WIRE, PRESS ROLLS, AND DRYING CYLINDERS[123]
40.SINGLE CYLINDER OR YANKEE MACHINE[130]
41.SECTION OF WET PRESS, OR BOARD MACHINE[131]
42.DOUBLE CYLINDER BOARD MACHINE[133]
43.APPARATUS FOR MAKING PARCHMENT PAPER[138]
44.GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF PLANT FOR MAKING “ART” PAPER[143]
45.SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF “COATING” PLANT[144]
46.COTTON PULP BEATEN 8 HOURS[179]
47.COTTON PULP BEATEN 37 HOURS[180]
48.PLAN AND SECTIONAL ELEVATION OF A “HOLLANDER”[185]
49.BEATING ENGINE WITH FOUR BEATER ROLLS[186]
50.UMPHERSTON BEATER[188]
51.SECTION OF UMPHERSTON BEATING ENGINE[189]
52.NUGENT'S BEATING ENGINE WITH PADDLES FOR CIRCULATING THE PULP[190]
53.A “TOWER” BEATING ENGINE WITH CENTRIFUGAL PUMP FOR CIRCULATING PULP[191]
54.WORKING PARTS OF A MODERN REFINING ENGINE[192]
55.CONVENTIONAL DIAGRAM OF A WATER SOFTENING PLANT[216]
56.AN “ENCLOSED” STEAM ENGINE[220]
57.AN ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN PAPER MACHINE[222]
58.DIAGRAM OF THE “EIBEL” PROCESS[223]

THE MANUFACTURE
OF PAPER