The bombardier, and pocket gunner - Ralph Willett Adye

TROU DE LOUP—A cone reversed. Diameter of the base 4 feet 6 inches; depth 6 feet; picket 6 feet long, and from 4 to 5 inches square; contain ¾ of a cubic fathom of earth, and are usually placed 2 in 3 fathoms.

TUBES—of tin plates are the best for service. Tubes must pass through a gauge of ²/₁₀ of an inch diameter. The composition is mealed powder, mixt up stiff with spirits of wine. They are made up in bundles of 100 each.

Length of Tin Tubes.

Length.	Nature of Ordnance.
Length.	Heavy.	Medium.	Light.	Howitzer.	Land Mortars.	Sea Mortars.
Inches.	Pr.	Pr.	Pr.	Inch.	Inch.	Inch.
12.2	—	—	—	—	—	13
8.8	24	24	—	—	—	—
8.2	18	18	—	—	—	—
7.75	12	12	—	—	13	10
6.8	9	9	—	—	—	—
6.5	6	—	24	8	10	—
5.9	3	6	12	5½	—	—
5.0	—	—	—	—	8	—
4.75	1½	1½	6	—	—	—
4.2	—	—	—	4⅖	5½	—
3.6	—	—	—	—	4⅖	—

Note.—If tin tubes get damaged by wet, the composition may be cleared out of them, and they may be fresh filled. If spirits of wine cannot be had, good rum or brandy will answer the purpose.

U niforms—

Principal Colour of the Military Uniforms of the different Powers of Europe.

NATIONS.	Cavalry.	Infantry.	Artillery.	Remarks.
Imperial	White	White	Grey
Russian	Blue	Green	Green	Black cockades.
Danes	—	Red	—	Black cockades.
English	Blue	Red	Blue
French	Blue	White	Blue	Nati’l. cockades.
Poland	Blue	Blue	Blue
Prussian	White	Blue	Blue	Drag. light blue.
Sardinian	Blue	Blue	Blue
Sweden	—	Blue	—	Yellow cockades.
Bavaria	—	White	Grey
Hanover	Blue	Red	mixt Blue	Green cockades.
Mayence	—	White	”
Palatine	Crimson	clear Blue	—
Saxon	White	White	Green	Dragoons red; white cock.
Anspach	Blue	Blue	Blue
Bade	—	Blue	—
Brunswick	—	Blue	—
Hesse	White	Blue	Blue
Nassau Sarlz	—	Blue	—
Saxe Cobourg	—	Blue	—
Saxe Gotha	Blue	Blue	Blue
Saxe Hildburg	—	Blue	—
Saxe Meemingen	—	Blue	—
Saxe Weimer	Blue	Green	Green
Wurtemburg	—	Blue	Blue
Holland	White	Blue	Blue
Berne	Red	Blue	Blue	Black and red cockades.
Mecklenburg	Blue	Blue	Blue

V elocity—Initial velocity of military projectiles, as ascertained by the experiments with the Ballistic pendulum at Woolwich, in 1788, 1789, and 1790. These experiments were made with shot of equal diameters, powder of equal strength, and under a mean height of the barometer; and shew,

1. That there is very little difference in the velocities of shot fired from guns of the same length, but of unequal weights; the advantage being sometimes in favour of one and sometimes of the other.