20. Sweet Water Creek.—Road muddy after rains, and some bad ravines to cross. Wood, water, and grass of the best quality at camp.
12. Sweet Water Creek.—Road runs along the valley of the Sweet Water, where there is plenty of wood and grass in places, but little wood at the camp noted.
8. On Sweet Water.—Road good; no wood; grass abundant.
20. On Sweet Water.—Road good; no wood.
17. Strawberry Creek.—Little wood; grass and water abundant. Road leaves "Sweet Water," and ascends a very long hill which is very rocky.
20-1/4. South Pass.—Road crosses the dividing ridge, and strikes the Pacific Spring, where there is excellent water and good grass if many cattle have not passed, in which event the traveler had better continue on down the creek which issues from the spring. Sage for fuel; no wood.
15-3/4. Dry Sandy Creek.—Grass scarce; no wood; some sage and greasewood; water brackish, but drinkable; road good. Here the traveler should send ahead and have the best spots of grass found, as it is very scarce throughout this section. Sublett's Cut-off turns off here for Soda Springs and Fort Hall. Take the left for Fort Bridger and Salt Lake City.
15. Little Sandy Creek.—Grass in spots along the creek bottom, and some fuel.
18. Big Sandy Creek.—Grass in detached spots on the creek, and little fuel.
21-1/2. Green River, Upper Ford.—Grass and fuel on the river.
7. Green River, at the Lower Ford.—Good grass and fuel below the ford. Ferry in time of high water. Mail station and grocery.
16. Black's Fork.—Good grass and fuel.
7. Ham's Fork.—United States bridge, no toll. Good grass and fuel.
12. Black's Fork.—Road forks at the crossing of Black's Fork, both roads leading to Fort Bridger. This itinerary is upon the left-hand road, which crosses Black's Fork two miles from Ham's Fork.
13. Smith's Fork.—Good camps along Black's Fork at any place, but the road leaves the stream for several miles. Wood, water, and grass at the confluence of Black's and Smith's Forks.
18-1/4. Fort Bridger.—Good camps above and below the fort. Military post, mail station, and store.
Muddy Creek.—Good grass, wood, and water. Grass short after many trains have passed. It is then necessary to go up the creek to find good grass. Road passes a fine spring 3 miles back.
19. Bear River.—Good camps, with wood, water, and grass.
Good ford, except in very high water. Sulphur Creek two miles back.
19. Red Fork.—In "Echo Cañon," two miles below Cashe Cave, good grass and fuel; water plenty.
19-1/4. Weber River.—Good grass, wood, and water. Mail station. United States bridge for high water; no toll.
5-1/4. Spring Branch.—Good camp. Road leaves the river, and takes the left into a valley.
9. Bauchmin's Creek.—Road crosses over a mountain, and descends to the creek, where there is a good camp.
14. Big Cañon Creek.—Road crosses Bauchmin's Creek 13 times in 8 miles, then ascends the mountain along a small creek, which is well wooded and good grass.
6. Emigration Creek.—Road leaves Cañon Creek, and crosses the two mountains, which are very steep and long. Grass and wood before crossing the "Little Mountain."
10-1/4. Great Salt Lake City.—Forage can be purchased here, as well as most of the articles the traveler may require, at high prices. There is no camping-place within two miles of the city. It is best for those who encamp with animals to cross the Jordan River, or to stop near the mouth of the cañon before entering the city.

Total distance from Fort Leavenworth to Salt Lake City, 1168 miles.

V.—From Salt Lake City to Sacramento and Benicia, California.

Miles. From Salt Lake City to
18. Hait's Ranch.—Good road, and grass abundant until Bear River is crossed.
17-1/4. Ford on Weber River.—Good road, and grass abundant.
15. Point of Mountain.—Spring water warm but pure.
12-3/4. Box Elder Creek.—Excellent water; grass and fuel abundant in the cañons.
23. Ferry on Bear River.—Four miles above the usual crossing. Excellent grass.
3/4. West Bank.—Grass not good on the west bank.
6. Small Spring.—Cross Bear River below the mouth of the Mallade.
17-1/2. Blue Springs.—Water and grass scarce, and of poor quality.
21-1/4. Deep Creek.—Heavy sage, but good grass on the right of the road, near sink.
20-1/2. Cedar Springs.—Good grass on the hills, with fine water and wood; rolling country.
10. Rock Creek.—Plenty of grass to the left of the road; good camping-place.
14-1/2. Raft River.—Good camp.
22-1/2. Goose Creek Mountains.—Grass, wood, and water abundant; rough and mountainous country. Road from Fort Bridger comes in here via Soda Springs.
17-3/4. On Goose Creek.—Rough, broken country, with a good road, which runs along the creek for several miles.
28-1/2. Head of 1000 Spring Valley.—Road runs over a rolling, barren section, with but little water except on the river far to the right.
25-3/4. 1000 Spring Valley.—Meadow grass; good fuel scarce. Camps can be found at short intervals along the road.
14. Head of Humboldt River.—Fine camping-places, and road generally good, running over a rolling country.
23. Slough of the Humboldt.—Extensive bottoms of good grass.
20. Humboldt River.—Along the entire course of the Humboldt good grass is found in the bottoms. The road, which follows the bottom, is hard and smooth, but can not be traveled in seasons of very high water, as the bottom overflows. It is then necessary to take the road on the bluffs, where the grass is scarce. The river, when not above a fording stage, can be forded at almost any point, and good camps can be found at short intervals. There are spots along the river bottom where alkaline ponds are frequent. These are poisonous to cattle, and should be avoided by travelers. It is well along this river not to allow animals to drink any water except from the river where it is running.
20. Humboldt River.—The foregoing remarks apply for every camp on the Humboldt River.
22. Humboldt River.—Good camps along the Humboldt Valley.
23. Humboldt River.
13-1/2. Humboldt River.
16-1/2. Humboldt River.
25. Humboldt River.
13-3/4. Humboldt River.
24. Humboldt River.
24-1/2. Humboldt River.
20-1/4. Humboldt River.
18-3/4. Humboldt River.
13-1/2. Humboldt River.
18-1/4. Lawson's Meadows.—The road here forks, the left going by the Carson Valley and Sacramento route, and the right via Goose, Clear, and Rhett lakes, Applegate's Pass of the Cascade Mountains, into Rogue River Valley, Fort Law, Oregon Territory, Yreka, Fort Jones, Fort Reading, and Sacramento River.
33-1/2. On Humboldt River.—Grass and water poor all the distance to the Sink of the Humboldt.
19-1/2. Sink of Humboldt River.—The water at the Sink is strongly impregnated with alkali; the road generally is good. Travelers should not allow their stock to drink too freely of this water.
26. Head Sink of Humboldt.—Road good.
45. Carson River.—Road crosses the desert, where there is no water for stock, but there is a well where travelers can purchase water for drinking. This part of the road should be traveled in the cool of the day and at night. Grass good, also the water.
2. Carson River.—Good bunch-grass near the road.
30. Carson River.—26 miles of desert; poor grass.
14. Eagle Ranch.—Good grass and water.
13. Reese's Ranch.—Good grass and water.
12. Williams' Ranch.—Very good water and grass.
15. Hope Valley.—Road rough and rocky.
3. Near Sierra.—Good camp, with water and grass.
7. First Summit.—Road rough and rocky; good water; grass scarce.
2. Second Summit.—Road mountainous and very steep; snow nearly all the year.
10. Lakes.—Good camp.
12. Leek Springs.—Good grass near the road.
10. Trader's Creek.—Grass and fuel scarce.
12. Sly Park.—Grass and fuel near the road.
Forty Mile House.—Water plenty; grass scarce.
Sacramento Valley.—Water plenty; purchase forage.
Sacramento City.—Water plenty; purchase forage.

Total distance from Salt Lake City to Benicia, 973 miles.

At the Big Meadows, 23 miles from the Sink of the Humboldt, travelers should make a halt of a day or two to rest and recruit their animals and to cut grass for crossing the desert, as this is the last good camping-place until reaching Carson River. The ground near this place is boggy, and animals should be watered with buckets. The camping-ground here is on the right bank of the river, and about half a mile to the left of the main road. The water is in a slough, near its head, where will be found some springs which run off a short distance, but soon sink.

The road across the desert is very sandy, especially toward the western extremity. Twenty miles from the Sink of the Humboldt there are four wells. About half a mile east of the mail station the road leading to the wells turns to the right, where water can be purchased for from one to two shillings for each man and beast.

At 9-1/2 miles beyond the mail station, on the desert, a road turns off from the main trace toward a very high sandy ridge, and directly upon the top of this ridge is the crater of an extinct volcano, at the bottom of which is a salt lake. Upon the extreme north end of this lake will be found a large spring of fresh water, sufficient for 1000 animals. From thence to "Ragtown," on Carson River, is three miles.