The fourth day at Michell. The sixt day at saint Faiths beside Norwich, at Maidstone. The eight at Harborough, at Hereford, at Bishop Storford. On S. Edwards day, at Roiston, at Grauesend, at Windsor, at Marshfield. The ninth day at Colchester. On saint Lukes eeuen, at Elie, at Wrickle, at Vpane, at Thirst, at Bridgenorth, at Stanton, at Charing, at Burton vpon Trent, at Charleton, at Wigan, at Friswides in Oxford, at Tisdale, at Middlewich, at Holt in Wales. The twentie one day at Saffron Walden, at Newmarket, at Hertford, at Cicester, at Stokesleie. The twentie third, at Preston, at Bikelsworth, at Ritchdale, at Whitechurch. The twentie eight, at Newmarket, and Hertford. On all saints eeuen, at Wakefield, and at Rithen.

Faires in Nouember.

The second at Blechinglie, at Kingston, at Maxfield, at Epping. The sixt day at Newport pond, at Stanleie, at Tregnie, at Salford, at Lesford, and Wetshod faire at Hertford. The tenth, at Leuton. The eleuenth, at Marleborough, at Douer. The thirtenth, at saint Edmundsburie, at Gilford. The seventeenth day, at Low, at Hide. The ninéetenth, at Horsham. On saint Edmunds day, at Hith, at Ingerstone. The twentie third day, at Sandwich. On saint Andrews day at Colingbourgh, at Rochester, at Peterfield, at Maidenhed, at Bewdleie, at Warington in Lancashire, at Bedford in Yorkeshire, at Osestrie in Wales, and at Powles Belcham.

Faires in December.

On the fift day, at Pluckeleie. On the sixt, at Cased, at Hedningham, at Spalding, at Excester, at Sinocke, at Arnedale, and at Northwich in Chesshire. The seuenth day at Sandhurst. The eight day being the conception of our ladie, at Clitherall in Lancashire, at Malpas in Cheshire. The twentie ninth, at Canturburie, and at Salisburie.

OF OUR INNES AND THOROWFAIRES.
CHAP. XVI.

Those townes that we call thorowfaires haue great and sumptuous innes builded in them, for the receiuing of such trauellers and strangers as passe to and fro. The manner of harbouring wherein, is not like to that of some other countries, in which the host or goodman of the house dooth chalenge a lordlie authoritie ouer his ghests, but cleane otherwise, sith euerie man may vse his inne as his owne house in England, and haue for his monie how great or little varietie of vittels, and what other seruice himselfe shall thinke expedient to call for. Our innes are also verie well furnished with naperie, bedding, and tapisserie, especiallie with naperie: for beside the linnen vsed at the tables, which is commonlie washed dailie, is such and so much as belongeth vnto the estate and calling of the ghest. Ech commer is sure to lie in cleane sheets, wherein no man hath béene lodged since they came from the landresse, or out of the water wherein they were last washed. If the traueller haue an horsse, his bed dooth cost him nothing, but if he go on foot he is sure to paie a penie for the same: but whether he be horsseman or footman if his chamber be once appointed he may carie the kaie with him, as of his owne house so long as he lodgeth there. If he loose oughts whilest he abideth in the inne, the host is bound by a generall custome to restore the damage, so that there is no greater securitie anie where for trauellers than in the gretest ins of England. Their horsses in like sort are walked, dressed and looked vnto by certeine hostelers or hired seruants, appointed at the charges of the goodman of the house, who in hope of extraodinarie reward will deale verie diligentlie after outward appéerance in this their function and calling. Herein neuerthelesse are manie of them blameworthie, in that they doo not onelie deceiue the beast oftentimes of his allowance by sundrie meanes, except their owners looke well to them; but also make such packs with slipper merchants which hunt after preie (for what place is sure from euill & wicked persons) that manie an honest man is spoiled of his goods as he trauelleth to and fro, in which feat also the counsell of the tapsters or drawers of drinke, and chamberleins is not seldome behind or wanting. Certes I beleeue not that chapman or traueller in England is robbed by the waie without the knowledge of some of them, for when he commeth into the inne, & alighteth from his horsse, the hostler forthwith is verie busie to take downe his budget or capcase in the yard from his sadle bow, which he peiseth slilie in his hand to féele the weight thereof: or if he misse of this pitch, when the ghest hath taken vp his chamber, the chamberleine that looketh to the making of the beds, will be sure to remooue it from the place where the owner hath set it as if it were to set it more conuenientlie some where else, whereby he getteth an inkling whether it be monie or other short wares, & therof giueth warning to such od ghests as hant the house and are of his confederacie, to the vtter vndoing of manie an honest yeoman as he iournieth by the waie. The tapster in like sort for his part dooth marke his behauiour, and what plentie of monie he draweth when he paieth the shot, to the like end: so that it shall be an hard matter to escape all their subtile practises. Some thinke it a gay matter to commit their budgets at their comming to the goodman of the house: but thereby they oft bewraie themselues. For albeit their monie be safe for the time that it is in his hands (for you shall not heare that a man is robbed in his inne) yet after their departure the host can make no warrantise of the same, sith his protection extendeth no further than the gate of his owne house: and there cannot be a surer token vnto such as prie and watch for those booties, than to sée anie ghest deliuer his capcase in such maner. In all our innes we haue plentie of ale, béere, and sundrie kinds of wine, and such is the capacitie of some of them that they are able to lodge two hundred or three hundred persons, and their horsses at ease, & therto with a verie short warning make such prouision for their diet, as to him that is vnacquainted withall may seeme to be incredible. Howbeit of all in England there are no worse ins than in London, and yet manie are there far better than the best that I haue heard of in anie forren countrie, if all circumstances be dulie considered. But to leaue this & go in hand with my purpose. I will here set downe a table of the best thorowfaires and townes of greatest trauell of England, in some of which there are twelue or sixtéene such innes at the least, as I before did speake of. And it is a world to sée how ech owner of them contendeth with other for goodnesse of interteinement of their ghests, as about finesse & change of linnen, furniture of bedding, beautie of roomes, seruice at the table, costlinesse of plate, strength of drinke, varietie of wines, or well vsing of horsses. Finallie there is not so much omitted among them as the gorgeousnes of their verie signes at their doores, wherein some doo consume thirtie or fortie pounds, a méere vanitie in mine opinion, but so vaine will they néeds be, and that not onelie to giue some outward token of the inne kéepers welth, but also to procure good ghests to the frequenting of their houses in hope there to be well vsed. Lo here the table now at hand, for more of our innes I shall not néed to speake.

The waie from Walsingham to London.

From Walsingham to Picknam12.miles
From Picknam to Brandonferie10.miles
From Brandonfarie to Newmarket10.miles
From Newmarket to Brabram10.miles
From Brabram to Barkewaie20.miles
From Barkewaie to Puchrich7.miles
From Puchrich to Ware5.miles
From Ware to Waltham8.miles
From Waltham to London12.miles

The waie from Barwike to Yorke, and so to London.

From Barwike to Belford12.miles
From Belford to Anwike12.miles
From Anwike to Morpit12.miles
From Morpit to Newcastell12.miles
From Newcastell to Durham12.miles
From Durham to Darington13.miles
From Darington to Northalerton14.miles
From Northalerton to Toplife7.miles
From Toplife to Yorke16.miles
From Yorke to Tadcaster8.miles
From Tadcaster to Wantbridge12.miles
From Wantbridge to Dancaster8.miles
From Dancaster to Tutford18.miles
From Tutford to Newarke10.miles
From Newarke to Grantham10.miles
From Grantham to Stanford16.miles
From Stanford to Stilton12.miles
From Stilton to Huntington9.miles
From Huntington to Roiston15.miles
From Roiston to Ware12.miles
From Ware to Waltham8.miles
From Waltham to London12.miles

The waie from Carnaruan to Chester, and so to London.

From Carnaruan to Conwaie24.miles
From Conwaie to Denbigh12.miles
From Denbigh to Flint12.miles
From Flint to Chester10.miles
From Chester to Wich14.miles
From Wich to Stone15.miles
From Stone to Lichfield16.miles
From Lichfield to Colsill12.miles
From Colsill to Couentrie8.miles
And so from Couentrie to London, as hereafter followeth.

The waie from Cockermouth to Lancaster, and so to London.

From Cockermouth to Kiswike6.miles
From Kiswike to Grocener8.miles
From Grocener to Kendale14.miles
From Kendale to Burton7.miles
From Burton to Lancaster8.miles
From Lancaster to Preston20.miles
From Preston to Wigam14.miles
From Wigam to Warington20.miles
From Warington to Newcastell20.miles
From Newcastell to Lichfield20.miles
From Lichfield to Couentrie20.miles
From Couentrie to Daintrie14.miles
From Daintrie to Tocester10.miles
From Tocester to Stonistratford6.miles
From Stonistratford to Brichill7.miles
From Brichill to Dunstable7.miles
From Dunstable to saint Albons10.miles
From saint Albons to Barnet10.miles
From Barnet to London10.miles

The waie from Yarmouth to Colchester, and so to London.

From Yarmouth to Becclis8.miles
From Becclis to Blibour7.miles
From Blibour to Snapbridge8.miles
From Snapbridge to Woodbridge8.miles
From Woodbridge to Ipswich5.miles
From Ipswich to Colchester12.miles
From Colchester to Eastford8.miles
From Eastford to Chelmesford10.miles
From Chelmesford to Brentwood10.miles
From Brentwood to London15.miles

The waie from Douer to London.

From Douer to Canturburie12.miles
From Canturburie to Sittingborne12.miles
From Sittingborne to Rochester8.miles
From Rochester to Grauesend5.miles
From Grauesend to Datford6.miles
From Datford to London12.miles

The waie from saint Burien in Cornewall to London.

From S. Burien to the Mount20.miles
From the Mount to Thurie12.miles
From saint Thurie to Bodman20.miles
From Bodman to Launstone20.miles
From Launstone to Ocomton15.miles
From Ocomton to Crokehornewell10.miles
From Crokehornewell to Excester10.miles
From Excester to Honiton12.miles
From Honiton to Chard10.miles
From Chard to Crokehorne7.miles
From Crokehorne to Shirborne10.miles
From Shirborne to Shaftsburie10.miles
From Shaftsburie to Salisburie18.miles
From Salisburie to Andeuor15.miles
From Andeuor to Basingstocke18.miles
From Basingstocke to Hartford8.miles
From Hartford to Bagshot8.miles
From Bagshot to Stanes8.miles
From Stanes to London15.miles

The waie from Bristowe to London.

From Bristow to Maxfield10.miles
From Maxfield to Chipnam10.miles
From Chipnam to Marleborough15.miles
From Marleborough to Hungerford8.miles
From Hungerford to Newburie7.miles
From Newburie to Reading15.miles
From Reading to Maidenhead10.miles
From Maidenhead to Colbrooke7.miles
From Colbrooke to London15.miles

The waie from saint Dauids to London.

From saint Dauids to Axford20.miles
From Axford to Carmarden10.miles
From Carmarden to Newton10.miles
From Newton to Lanburie10.miles
From Lanburie to Brechnocke16.miles
From Brechnocke to Haie10.miles
From Haie to Harford14.miles
From Harford to Roso9.miles
From Roso to Glocester12.miles
From Glocester to Cicester15.miles
From Cicester to Farington16.miles
From Farington to Habington7.miles
From Habington to Dorchester7.miles
From Dorchester to Henleie12.miles
From Henleie to Maidenhead7.miles
From Maidenhead to Colbrooke7.miles
From Colbrooke to London15.miles

Of thorowfares from Douer to Cambridge.

From Douer to Canturburie12.miles
From Canturburie to Rofchester20.miles
From Rofchester to Grauesend5.miles
From Grauesend ouer the Thames to Hornedon4.miles
From Hornedon to Chelmesford12.miles
From Chelmesford to Dunmow10.miles
From Dunmow to Thaxsted5.miles
From Thaxsted to Radwinter3.miles
From Radwinter to Linton5.miles
From Linton to Babrenham3.miles
From Babrenham to Cambridge4.miles

From Canturburie to Oxford.

From Canturburie to London43.miles
From London to Vxbridge or Colbrooke15.miles
From Vxbridge to Baccansfield7.miles
From Baccansfield to east Wickham5.miles
From Wickham to Stocking church5.miles
From Stocking church to Thetisford5.miles
From Thetisford to Whatleie6.miles
From Whatleie to Oxford4.miles

From London to Cambridge.

From London to Edmonton6.miles
From Edmonton to Waltham6.miles
From Waltham to Hoddesdon5.miles
From Hoddesdon to Ware3.miles
From Ware to Pulcherchurch5.miles
From Pulcherchurch to Barkewaie7.miles
From Barkewaie to Fulmere6.miles
From Fulmere to Cambridge6.miles

Or thus better waie.

From London to Hoddesdon17.miles
From Hoddesdon to Hadham7.miles
From Hadham to Saffron Walden12.miles
From Saffron Walden to Cambridge10.miles

OF CERTEINE WAIES IN SCOTLAND,
OUT OF REGINALD WOLFES HIS ANNOTATIONS.
From Barwijc to Edenborow.

From Barwijc to Chirneside10.miles
From Chirneside to Coldingham3.miles
From Coldingham to Pinketon6.miles
From Pinketon to Dunbarre6.miles
From Dunbarre to Linton6.miles
From Linton to Haddington6.miles
From Haddington to Seaton4.miles
From Seaton to Aberladie or Muskelborow8.miles
From thence to Edenborow8.miles

From Edenborow to Barwijc another waie.

From Edenborow to Dalketh5.miles
From Dalketh to new Battell & Lander5.miles
From Lander to Vrsildon 6.miles
From Vrsildon to Driburg5.miles
From Driburg to Cariton6.miles
From Cariton to Barwijc14.miles

From Edenborow to Dunbrittaine westward.

From Edenborow to Kirkelifton6.miles
From Kirkelifton to Lithco6.miles
From Lithco to Farekirke ouer Forth6.miles
From thence to Striuelin vpon Forth6.miles
From Striuelin to Dunbrittaine24.miles

From Striuelin to Kinghorne eastward.

From Striuelin to Downe in Menketh3.miles
From Downe to Campskenell3.miles
From Campskenell to Alwie vpon Forth4.miles
From Alwie to Culrose on Fiffe10.miles
From Culrose to Dunfermelin2.miles
From Dunfermelin to Euerkennin2.miles
From Euerkennin to Aberdore on Forth3.miles
From Aberdore to Kinghorne vpon Forth3.miles

From Kinghorne to Taimouth.

From Kinghorne to Dissard in Fiffe3.miles
From Dissard to Cowper8.miles
From Cowper to S. Andrews14.miles
From S. Andrews to the Taimouth6.miles

From Taimouth to Stockeford.

From Taimouth to Balmerinoth abbeie4.miles
From thence to Londores abbeie4.miles
From Londores to S. Iohns towne12.miles
From S. Iohns to Schone5.miles
From thence to Abernithie, where the Erne runneth
into the Taie		15.miles
From Abernithie to Dundée15.miles
From Dundee to Arbroth and Muros24.miles
From Muros to Aberden20.miles
From Aberden to the water of Doneie20.miles
From thense to the riuer of Spaie30.miles
From thence to Stockeford in Rosse, and so
to the Nesse of Haben, a famous point on the west side		30.miles

From Carleill to Whitehorne westward.

From Carleill ouer the Ferie against Redkirke4.miles
From thence to Dunfrées20.miles
From Dunfrées to the Ferie of Cre40.miles
From thence to Wigton3.miles
From thence to Whitherne12.miles

Hitherto of the common waies of England and Scotland, wherevnto I will adioine the old thorowfaires ascribed to Antoninus, to the end that by their conference the diligent reader may haue further consideration of the same than my leisure will permit me. In setting foorth also thereof, I haue noted such diuersitie of reading, as hath happened in the sight of such written and printed copies, as I haue séene in my time. Notwithstanding I must confesse the same to be much corrupted in the rehearsall of the miles.

Britannia.

ITER BRITANNIARUM.

A GESSORIACO.

De Gallis Ritupis in portu Britanniarum stadia numero. CCCCL.

A Limite, id est, a vallo Prætorio vsque M. P. CLVI. sic:

A Bramenio Corstopitum, m. p. xx
Vindomora m. p. ix
Viconia * m. p. xixVinouia Vinouium
Cataractoni m. p. xxiiDarington.
Isurium m. p. xxiiiiAldborow aliàs Topcliffe.
Eburacum legio viVictrix m. p. xvii Yorke.
Deruentione m. p. viiTadcaster.
Delgouitia m. p. xiiiWentbridge.
Praetorio m. p. xxvTudford.

Item a Vallo ad portum Ritupis m. p. 481, 491, sic,

Ablato Bulgio * castra exploratorum m. p. x, 15aliàs à Blato
Lugu-vallo * m. p. xiialiàs à Lugu-valio. Cairleill.
Voreda m. p. xiiii
Brouonacis * m. p. xiiiBrauoniacis
Verteris m. p. xx, 13
Lauatris m. p. xiiii
Cataractone * m. p. xxiCaturractonium. Darington.
Isuriam * m. p. xxiiiiIsoriam. Aldborow aliàs Topcliffe.
Eburacum * m. p. xviiiEboracum. Yorke.
Calcaria * m. p. ixCacaria.
Camboduno m. p. xx
Mammuncio * m. p. xviiiManucio
Condate m. p. xviii
Deua legio xxiii.ci. m. p. xx
Bouio * m. p. xBonió
Mediolano m. p. xx
Rutunio m. p. xii
Vrio Conio * m. p. xiViroconium. Shrewesburie propè.
Vxacona m. p. xi
Penno-Crucio m. p. xii
Etoceto m. p. xii
Mandues Sedo m. p. xvi
Venonis m. p. xii
Bennauenta * m. p. xviiBannaventa
Lactorodo * m. p. xiiLactodoro
Maginto * m. p. xvii. 12Magiouintum
Duro-Cobriuis m. p. xiiDunstable.
Vero-Lamio m. p. xiiS. Albanes.
Sullomacis * m. p. ixBarnet.
Longidinio m. p. xii.Londinio. London.
Nouiomago m. p. xii
Vagniacis m. p. vi
Durobrouis m. p. vDuroprouis. Rochester.
Duroleuo m. p. xvi. 8
Duror-Verno * m. p. xiiDrouerno Durouerno
Ad portum Ritupis m. p. xiiDuraruenno Daruerno

Item a Londinio ad portum Dubris m. p. 56, 66, sic:

Dubobrus * m. p. xxviiDurobrouis Durobrius. Rochester.
Duraruenno m. p. xv, 25Canturburie.
Ad portum Dubris m. p. xiiiiDouer hauen.

Item a Londinio ad portum Lemanis m. p. 68 sic:

Durobrius m. p. xxviiRochester.
Duraruenno m. p. xv, 25Canturburie.
Ad portum * Lemanis m. p. xviLimming hauen.

Item a Londinio Lugu-Valio ad Vallum m. p. 443, sic:

Cæsaromago m. p. xxviii
Colonia m. p. xxiiii
Villa Faustini m. p. xxxv, 25
Icianos m. p. xviii
Camborico m. p. xxxv
Duroliponte m. p. xxv
Durobriuas m. p. xxxv
Gausennis m. p. xxx
Lindo m. p. xxvi
Segeloci m. p. xiiii
Dano m. p. xxi
Lege-Olio * m. p. xviLogetium
Eburaco m. p. xxi
Isubrigantum * m. p. xviIsurium Brigantum
Cataractoni m. p. xxiiii
Leuatris * m. p. xviiiLeuatrix
Verteris m. p. xiiii
Brocouo * m. p. xxBrocouicum
Lugu-Vallo m. p. xxv, 22

Item a Londinio Lindo m. p. 156 sic:

Verolami m. p. xxi
Duro Cobrius m. p. xii
Magiouinio * m. p. XIIMaginto
Magis
Lactodoro m. p. xvi
Isanna Vantia * m. p. XIIIsanna vatia
Isanna varia
Tripontio m. p. xii
Venonis m. p. ix
Ratas m. p. xii
Verometo m. p. xiii
Margi-duno m. p. xii
Ad Pontem * m. p. viiPons Aelij
Croco Calana * m. p. viiCrorolana
Lindo m. p. xii

Item a Regno Londinio m. p. 116, 96 sic:

Clausentum m. p. xx
Venta Belgarum m. p. x
Gelleua * Atrebatum m. p. XXII Gelleua, Walingford.
Calliua,
Pontibus m. p. xxii Reding.
Londinio m. p. xxii

Item ab Ebvraco Londinium m. p. 227 sic:

Lagecio m. p. xxi
Dano m. p. xviDancaster.
Ageloco * m. p. xxiSegoloco
Lindo m. p. xiiii
Crococalano m. p. xiiii
Margi-duno m. p. xiiii
Vernemeto * m. p. xiiVerometo
Ratis m. p. xii
Vennonis m. p. xii
Bannauanto m. p. xix
Magio Vinio m. p. xxviii
Durocobrius m. p. xiiDunstable.
Verolamo m. p. xiiS. Albanes.
Sullomaca m. p. ixBarnet.
Londinio m. p. xiiLondon.

Item a Venta Icinorvm Londinio m. p. 128 sic:

Sitomago m. p. xxxi
Combrerouio * m. p. xxiiCumbretonio
Ad Ansam m. p. xv
Camoloduno m. p. vi
Canonio m. p. ix
Cæsaromago m. p. xii
Durolito m. p. xvi
Londinio m. p. xv

Item a Glamoventa Mediolano m. p. 150 sic:

Galaua m. p. xviii
Alone * m. p. xiiAlauna * Aliona Alione
Galacum * m. p. xixGalacum Brigantum
Bremetonaci m. p. xxvii
Coccio m. p. xx
Mancunio * m. p. xviiiMammucio vel Manucio
Condate m. p. xviii
Mediolano m. p. xix

Item a Segoncio Deuam m. p. 74 sic:

Canouio m. p. xxiiii
Varis m. p. xix
Deua m. p. xxxii

Item a Calleva aliàs Mvridono aliàs Viroconiorum. Per Viroconium.

Vindonu * m. p. xvVindomi
Venta Belgarum m. p. xxi
Brige * m. p. xiBrage
Soruioduni m. p. ix
Vindogladia m. p. xiii, 15
Durnouaria m. p. viii
Muriduno m. p. xxxvi
Scadum Nunniorum * m. p. xv, 12Iscadum
Leucaro m. p. xv
Bomio m. p. xv
Nido m. p. xv
Iscelegua Augusti * m. p. xiiiiIscelegia
Burrio m. p. ix
Gobannio m. p. xii
Magnis m. p. xxiiBrouenio
Brauinio * m. p. xxiiii
Viriconio m. p. xxvii

Item ab Isca Calleua m. p. 109 sic:

Burrio m. p. ix
Blestio m. p. xi
Ariconio m. p. xi
Cleuo m. p. xv
Durocornouio m. p. xiiii
Spinis m. p. xv
Calleua m. p. xv

Item alio Itinere ab Isca Calleua m. p. 103 sic:

Venta Silurum m. p. ix
Abone m. p. ix
Traiectus m. p. ix
Aquis Solis m. p. vi
Verlucione m. p. xv
Cunetione m. p. xx
Spinis m. p. xv
Calleua m. p. xv

Item a Calleua Iscadvm Nunniorum m. p. 136 sic:

Vindomi m. p. xv
Venta Belgarum m. p. xxi
Brige m. p. xi
Sorbiodoni m. p. viii
Vindocladia m. p. xii
Durnonouaria m. p. viiiDurnonaria
Moriduno m. p. xxxvi
Iscadum Nunniorum m. p. xv