[2.] The males of Cryptophialus and Alcippe, species of marine animals, are apparent exceptions to this rule. They are parasitic, possess neither mouth, stomach, thorax, nor abdomen, and are, necessarily, short-lived.
[3.] Dalton—Human Physiology.
[4.] In the use of the terms psychical and psychological, we have observed the distinction which metaphysicians have recently made. They employ the term psychical to indicate the relation of the human soul to sense, appetite, propensity, etc., and psychological, as indicating the ultimates of spiritual being. In this manner we use the word psychical as describing the relationship of the soul to animal experiences and being, and psychological as referring to the spiritual potencies of the soul. The distinction being introduced, we continue its use rather then coin new words.
[5.] Certain disturbances of the bodily organs excite fear. The apprehension of danger, or simply mental excitement, does not explain what is called "water fright," "stage fright," terror excited by the raging of a storm, or the rocking of a boat. In such instances the heart may beat heavily, the respiration be irregular and attended by precordial oppression, giddiness, weakness, and physical inability to articulate a word or recall a thought These bodily conditions are not subject to the control of the will, but arise when individuals are perfectly assured that no danger threatens. At other times, as in a fearful tempest upon the sea, although the danger be imminent, if the bodily functions are not disturbed, there is not the least manifestation of fear.
[6.] A placebo is a harmless and valueless prescription, which physicians sometimes make merely to gratify the patient, as a dose of "bread pills," etc.