The inviolability of the duly acquired rights and the benefit of legal processes for the establishment of claims based on property rights are also assured especially to regular soldiers. In other respects their position is regulated by national law.
ARTICLE 130
The civil officers are servants of the whole community, not of a part of it.
To all civil officers freedom of political opinion and of association are assured.
The civil officers receive special representation in their official capacity in accordance with more precise provisions of national law.
ARTICLE 131
If a civil officer in the exercise of the authority conferred upon him by law fails to perform his official duty toward any third person, the responsibility is assumed by the state or public corporation in whose service the officer is. The right of redress [by the state or public corporation] against the officer is reserved. The ordinary process of law may not be excluded.
Detailed regulations will be made by the appropriate law-making authority.