To show His perfect wisdom and confound

The sceptics who deny His mastery.

Could He not evil make, He would lack skill;

Therefore He fashions infidel alike

And Moslem true, that both may witness bear

To Him, and worship One Almighty Lord.”

In reply to the objection that a God who creates evil must Himself be evil, Jalāluddīn, pursuing the analogy drawn from Art, remarks that ugliness in the picture is no evidence of ugliness in the painter.

Again, without evil it would be impossible to win the proved virtue which is the reward of self-conquest. Bread must be broken before it can serve as food, and grapes will not yield wine till they are crushed. Many men are led through tribulation to happiness. As evil ebbs, good flows. Finally, much evil is only apparent. What seems a curse to one may be a blessing to another; nay, evil itself is turned to good for the righteous. Jalāluddīn will not admit that anything is absolutely bad.

“Fools buy false coins because they are like the true.

If in the world no genuine minted coin