The Mystics of Islam

by Reynold Alleyne Nicholson

Macdonald, D. B., The Religious Life and Attitude in Islam (Chicago, 1909).

A valuable introduction to the study of the moderate type of Sūfism represented by Ghazālī. The chapters on psychology are particularly helpful.

Iqbal, Shaikh Muhammad, The Development of Metaphysics in Persia (London, 1908), pp. 96 ff.

Gibb, E. J. W., History of Turkish Poetry (London, 1900–1909), vol. i. pp. 15–69.

Outlines of Persian philosophic mysticism.

Browne, E. G., Literary History of Persia (London, 1902), vol. i. pp. 416–444.

Brown, J. P., The Dervishes, or Oriental Spiritualism (London, 1868).

Unscientific, but contains much interesting material.

Depont, O., and Coppolani, X., Les Confréries religieuses musulmanes (Algiers, 1897).

A standard work on the Dervish Orders.