The Mystics of Islam

by Reynold Alleyne Nicholson

Jāmī, Lawāʾih, Persian text with translation by E. H. Whinfield and Mīrzā Muhammad Kazvīnī (London, 1906).

A prose treatise on Sūfī theosophy.

Yūsuf and Zulaikha, translated into verse by R. T. H. Griffith (London, 1882).

One of the most famous mystical love-romances in Persian literature.

Ibn al-ʿArabī, Tarjumān al-Ashwāq, a collection of mystical odes. Arabic text with translation and commentary by R. A. Nicholson (London, 1911).

INDEX

(Titles of books, as well as Arabic and Persian technical terms, are printed in italics.)

• Abdāl, [124].
• ʿAbdallah Ansārī, [89].
• ʿAbd al-Rahīm ibn al-Sabbāgh, [89].
• Abraham, [153].
• Abrār, [124].
• Absāl, [116].
• Abū ʿAbdallah of Mosul, [144].
• Abū ʿAbdallah al-Rāzī, [51].
• Abū ʿAlī of Sind, [17].
• Abū Hamza, [62].
• [Abu ’l-Hasan Khurqānī], [87], [133] ff., [145].
• [Abu ’l-Khayr al-Aqtaʿ], [61].
• Abū Nasr al-Sarrāj, [157].
• Abū Saʿīd ibn Abi ’l-Khayr, [49], [90], [118].
• Adam, [64], [150], [161].
• ʿAfīfuddīn al-Tilimsānī, [93], [164], [165]. See [Niffarī].
• Ahl al-Haqq, [1].
• Ahmad ibn al-Hawārī, [11].
• ahwāl, [29].
• Akhyār, [124].
• [ʿAlāʾuddīn] Attār, [143], [144], [146].
• Alexander of Aphrodisias, [151].
• Al-Haqq. See [Haqq].
• ʿAlī, the Caliph, [50], [89], [153].
• [Ana ’l-Haqq], [150] ff.
• Arabian Nights, the, [63].
• ʿArafāt, [91].
• ʿārif, [29].
• Aristotle, [12].
• Asceticism, [4], [5], [6], [10], [28] ff., [109].
• Ashʿarites, the, [6].
• ʿAttār, Farīduddīn, [106].
• Audition, [63] ff. See [samāʿ].
• Augustine, St., [118].
• Avicenna, [145], [146].
• awliyā, [122].
• Awtād, [124].
• Bābā Kūhī, [58].
• Bābism, [89].
• Bactria, [16], [18].
• Baghdād, [149], [157].
• Balkh, [16].
• baqā, [18], [61], [149], [159], [163], [164], [167].
• Basra, [14].
• Bāyazīd of Bistām, [17], [51], [57], [62], [108], [111], [112], [115], [126], [131], [132], [159].
• Bektāshīs, the, [95].
• Bishr, [105].
• Breath, practice of inhaling and exhaling the, [48].
• Brown, J. P., [141].
• Browne, Professor E. G., [110].
• Buddha, [16], [17].
• Buddhism, [16] ff., [48]. See [Nirvāṇa].
• Bulghār, [161].
• Calendars, the, [90].
• Celibacy, condemned by Mohammed, [5].
• China, [161].
• [Christ], [82], [88]. See [Jesus].
• Christianity, [4], [5], [10] f., [82], [111], [112], [151], [157].
• Contemplation, [18], [31], [32], [53], [54] ff., [68].
• Dancing, [63], [65], [66].
• Dante, [100].
• Dark Night of the Soul, the, [166].
• Davids, Professor T. W. Rhys, [19].
• Dāwud al-Tāʾī, [36].
• Deification, [149] ff., [163].
• dervīsh, [37].
• Dervish Orders, the, [48], [95], [125], [130], [140] ff.
• Dervishes, maxims for, [38], [39].
• [Devil, the], [49], [53], [69]. See [Iblīs] and [Satan].
• dhawq, [59].
• [dhikr], [10], [45] ff., [63].
• Dhu ’l-Nūn the Egyptian, [13], [65], [79], [116], [145].
• Dionysius the Areopagite, [12] f., [112].
• [Directors, spiritual], [31], [32] ff., [89], [140] ff., [165].
• Dīvān of Shamsi Tabrīz, [95].
• Eckhart, [118], [154].
• Ecstasy, [59] ff., [118], [132], [133], [166]. See [fanā].
• Eden, [161].
• Elias, [14].
• Emanation, the theory of, [80], [96].
• Emerson, [110].
• Euchitæ, the, [11].
• Evil, the unreality of, [94].
• Evil, part of the divine order, [96] ff.
• Evolution, of Man, [168].
• [fanā], [17] ff., [28], [48], [59], [60] ff., [144], [149], [155] ff., [164], [165], [166].
• fanā al-fanā, [61], [79].
• fānī, [155].
• faqīr, [37], [38].
• [firāsat], [51].
• FitzGerald, Edward, [97].
• Frothingham, A. L., [12].
• Fudayl ibn ʿIyād, [109].
• Gairdner, W. H. T., [16].
• ghaybat, [59].
• Ghaylān, [105].
• Ghazālī, [24], [46], [96].
• [Gnosis, the], [7], [14], [29], [30], [68] ff., [121], [164].
• Gnosticism, [14] ff.
• Goldziher, Professor I., [14], [16].
• Gospel, the, [10].
• Hafiz, [88], [102].
• hāl, [29], [59].
• [Hallāj], [40], [149] ff., [160].
• Hamadhān, [108], [109].
• haqīqat, [29], [79]. See [Truth, the].
• [Haqq] = God, [1], [81]. See [Ana ’l-Haqq].
• haqq, [164].
• Hasan ʿAttār, Khwāja, [144].
• hātif, [63].
• Heart, the, a spiritual organ, [50], [68] ff.
• Heaven and Hell, subjective, [97], [162].
• Hierotheus, [12].
• Hind, [105].
• [Hujwīrī], [31], [32], [54], [63], [65], [92], [110], [123], [124], [126], [159], [160].
• [hulūl], [150], [151], [154], [157].
• Hulūlīs, the, [151].
• Husayn ibn Mansūr, [149]. See [Hallāj].
• Hypnotism, [139] ff.
• [Iblīs], [99]. See [Devil, the].
• Ibn al-Anbārī, [51].
• Ibn al-ʿArabī, [87], [102], [103], [105], [111], [125], [155], [166].
• Ibrāhīm ibn Adham, [14], [16].
• ihsān, [53].
• Illumination, [7], [50] ff., [70].
• ʿilm, [71].
• Immortality, impersonal, [167], [168].
• Incarnation, [150], [151], [157]. See [hulūl].
• India, [16], [161].
• Inge, Dr. W. R., [112], [151], [154].
• Iqbal, Shaikh Muhammad, [15].
• ʿIrāq, [161], [168].
• [Islam, relation of Sūfism to], [19] ff., [71] ff., [86] ff., [159], [160].
• istinbāt, [23], [24].
• ittihād, [157], [158].
• Jabarites, the, [6].
• Jacob of Sarūj, [12].
• jadhbat, [59].
• [Jalāluddīn Rūmī], [25], [64], [67], [69], [95] ff., [105], [106], [107], [109], [113], [116], [117], [118], [119], [125], [129], [132], [148], [152], [155], [161], [162], [168].
• jamʿ, [159].
• Jāmī, [38], [66], [80], [81], [83], [106], [110], [142], [166].
• [Jesus], [10], [133], [150], [153], [157]. See [Christ].
• Jews, the, [122].
• Jinn, the, [132].
• John, St., [82].
• John Scotus Erigena, [12].
• [Joseph], [99], [116].
• Journeys, mystical, [163], [164]. See [Path, the].
• Junayd of Baghdād, [34], [35], [52], [88], [91], [112], [113], [131].
• Kaʿba, the, [58], [91], [92], [105], [116], [134].
• karāmāt, [122], [129].
• Karma, the doctrine of, [19].
• Kashf al-Mahjūb, [54], [63]. See [Hujwīrī].
• [Khadir], [14], [113], [127] ff.
• khirqat, [49].
• Khizr, [127]. See [Khadir].
• Khorāsān, [161], [168].
• Khurqānī. See [Abu ’l-Hasan Khurqānī].
• Kitāb al-Lumaʿ, [28], [121], [130].
• Kitāb al-Tawāsīn, [150].
• Knowledge of God. See [Gnosis, the].
• Knowledge, religious opposed to mystical, [71].
• Koran, the, [4], [5], [21], [22], [23], [46], [50], [63], [93], [105], [111], [121], [122], [127].
• Koran, the, quotations from, [22], [45], [50], [51], [53], [56], [70], [88], [98], [121], [122], [128], [129], [150], [152].
• Koran, germs of mysticism in the, [21] f.
• lāhūt, [150].
• Lane, Edward, [45].
• Law, the religious, [62], [86], [92] ff., [126], [127], [152], [163].
• Laylā, [116], [159].
• Legend of the Moslem Saints, the, [21], [31], [108], [131].
• [Lives of the Saints], by Jāmī, [66]. See [Nafahāt al-Uns].
• Logos, the, [51], [82], [83].
• Love, divine, [6], [8], [10], [45], [55], [80], [81], [84], [88], [101], [102] ff., [151], [160].
• Lubnā, [105].
• Macdonald, Professor D. B., [23], [45], [46], [125], [141].
• majdhūb, [123].
• Majduddīn of Baghdād, [66].
• Majnūn, [116], [159].
• Mālik ibn Dīnār, [36], [37].
• Man, the final cause of the universe, [82].
• Man, higher than the angels, [69].
• Man, the microcosm, [84], [85], [97].
• Man, the Perfect, [83], [163], [164], [165].
• Mandæans, the, [14].
• Mānī, [14].
• Manichæans, the, [14].
• Mansūr, [153]. See [Hallāj].
• maqāmāt, [28].
• maʿrifat, [29], [71]. See [Gnosis, the].
• Maʿrūf al-Karkhī, [14].
• Marwa, [92].
• Mary, [133].
• Masnavī, the, [25], [64], [96], [132], [148]. See Jalāluddīn Rūmī.
• Massignon, L., [150], [151], [154], [155].
• Mawāqif, the, [57]. See [Niffarī].
• Mayya, [105].
• Mecca, [134].
• Meditation, [48] f.
• Mephistopheles, [58].
• Messalians, the, [11].
• Minā, [92].
• Miracles, [122], [123], [129] ff., [138], [139] ff.
• [Mohammed, the Prophet], [5], [20], [21], [35], [39], [44], [49], [51], [52], [53], [68], [70], [73], [82], [90], [93], [111], [129], [131], [141], [144], [164], [165]. See [Traditions of the Prophet].
• Mohammed ibn ʿAlī Hakīm, [143].
• Mohammed ibn ʿUlyān, [39].
• Mohammed ibn Wāsiʿ, [36], [37], [55].
• Mollā-Shāh, [141], [142].
• More, Henry, [162].
• Mortification, [36], [40] f.
• Moses, [127] ff., [152].
• [muʿjizat], [129].
• murāqabat, [48].
• muraqqaʿat, [33], [49].
• Murjites, the, [5].
• murshid, [32], [140].
• Music, [48], [63] ff.
• [Muʿtazilites], the, [6].
• Muzdalifa, [91].
• [Nafahāt al-Uns], [166]. See [Lives of the Saints].
• [nafs], [39], [40].
• Name, the Great, [14].
• nāsūt, [150].
• Neoplatonism, [12] f., [112].
• [Niffarī], [57], [71], [72], [74], [85], [93], [155], [164].
• [Nirvāṇa], [18] ff., [61], [149].
• Nizāmuddīn Khāmūsh, Mawlānā, [143].
• Noah, [153].
• Nöldeke, Th., [3].
• Not-being, the principle of evil, [94], [97].
• Nuqabā, [124].
• Nūrī, [49], [51], [94], [107], [108].
• Omar, the Caliph, [38].
• Omar Khayyām, [97].
• Pantheism, [8], [18], [21], [23], [79] ff., [109], [133] ff., [148] ff. See [Unity, the divine].
• [Path, the], [28] ff., [163].
• Paul, St., [12], [82].
• Pentateuch, the, [22].
• Personality, survival of, [167].
• Phenomena, the nature of, [82].
• Phenomena, a bridge to Reality, [109] f.
• Philo, [22].
• Pilgrimage, allegorical interpretation of the, [91].
• pīr, [32], [140].
• Plato, [7], [12], [64].
• Plotinus, [11], [12], [117].
• Porphyry, [12].
• Poverty, [36] ff.
• Predestination, [4], [6], [36], [98].
• Pre-existence of the soul, [15], [64], [116].
• Proclus, [12].
• Prophet, the. See [Mohammed, the Prophet].
• Prophets, the, [121], [122], [126], [129], [164].
• Purgative Way, the, [32].
• Pythagoras, [64].
• Qadarites, the, [6].
• Qadīb al-Bān, [144].
• qalb, [50], [68].
• Qays, [105].
• qibla, [134].
• Quietism, [4]. See [Trust in God].
• Qushayrī, [126], [130].
• Qutb, [123], [124], [164], [165].
• [Rābiʿa], [4], [31], [115].
• rāhib, [10].
• Raqqām, [107].
• Reason, the Active, [151].
• Recollection, [36], [45]. See [dhikr].
• Religion, all types of, are equal, [87].
• Religion, positive, its relation to mysticism, [24], [71] ff. See [Islam, relation of Sūfism to].
• Repentance, [30] ff.
• ridā, [41].
• Rizwān, [161].
• Rosaries, used by Sūfīs, [17].
• rūh, [68].
• Rūmī, [153]. See [Jalāluddīn Rūmī].
• Ruysbroeck, [151], [164].
• Sābians, the, [14].
• Saʿduddīn of Kāshghar, Mawlānā, [142].
• Safā, [92].
• Sahl ibn ʿAbdallah of Tustar, [46], [52], [56], [63], [130].
• [Saints, the Moslem], [120] ff.
• Saintship, the doctrine of, [62], [120] ff.
• Salāmān, [116].
• sālik, [28].
• [samāʿ], [59], [60], [63] ff.
• Saqsīn, [161].
• Sarī al-Saqatī, [52], [54], [61], [113].
• [Satan], [32], [113]. See [Devil, the].
• Sea, the Revelation of the, by Niffarī, [74].
• Self-annihilation, [140], [141], [168]. See [fanā].
• Shāh al-Kirmānī, [52].
• Shaqīq of Balkh, [42], [43], [44].
• Sheykh, the, [32] ff., [49], [140], [141]. See [Directors, spiritual].
• Shiblī, [34], [35], [48], [52], [55], [62], [116].
• Shihābuddīn Suhrawardī, [166].
• Shīʿites, the, [89].
• shirb, [59].
• siddīq, [14].
• Sin, [30] ff.
• Singing, [63] ff.
• sirr, [68], [155].
• Soul, the lower or appetitive. See [nafs].
• Spirit, the divine, [150], [151].
• Spirit, the human, [51], [68].
• Stages, mystical, [28] f., [41].
• States, mystical, [29].
• Stephen Bar Sudaili, [12].
• Sūfī, meaning and derivation of, [3].
• Sūfism, definitions of, [1], [14], [25] ff.
• Sūfism, the oldest form of, [4] f.
• Sūfism, the origin of, [8] ff.
• Sūfism, its relation to Islam, [19] ff., [71] ff., [86] ff., [159], [160].
• sukr, [59].
• Sunna, the, [73].
• Symbolism, mystical, [28], [102] ff., [116], [117].
• tālib, [29].
• tarīqat, [27], [28].
• Tauler, [151].
• tawajjuh, [142], [143].
• tawakkul, [41].
• Tawakkul Beg, [141], [142].
• Telekinesis, [145].
• Telepathy, [120]. See [firāsat].
• Theology of Aristotle, the so-called, [12].
• Tirmidh, [143].
• Tora, the, [105].
• [Traditions of the Prophet], [23], [39], [44], [49], [51], [53], [54], [68], [80], [83], [100].
• Transoxania, [16].
• [Trust in God], [36], [41] ff.
• [Truth, the], [29], [30], [79], [92] ff., [152], [163].
• Underhill, E., [164].
• Union with God, [39], [159], [160]. See [Unitive State, the], and [fanā].
• [Unitive State, the], [148] ff.
• [Unity, the divine], Sūfistic theory of, [42], [79] ff., [98], [152], [154], [155].
• Vedānta, the, [18].
• Veils, the seventy thousand, doctrine of, [15] f.
• Vision, spiritual, [50].
• wajd, [59].
• walī, [122], [123]. See [Saints, the Moslem].
• waliyyat, [123].
• waqfat, [58], [156].
• wāqif, [156], [165].
• Wāsit, [14].
• Whinfield, E. H., [64], [132], [148].
• yaqīn, [50].
• Yūsuf, [116]. See [Joseph].
• Zangī Bashgirdī, [66].
• Zulaykhā, [116].

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