A Manual of Philippine Birds - Richard C. McGregor

a¹. Breast without chestnut or rusty buff, heavily cross-barred with black. fasciata (p. [18])
a². Breast chestnut or rusty buff, without black cross-bars.
- b¹. Larger; wing more than 80 mm.; breast rich chestnut; chin white (♂), or black (♀), or white spotted with black (young) ocellata (p. [20])
- b². Smaller; wing less than 80 mm.; breast rusty buff; chin whitish, never black nor mixed with black.
  - c¹. Bill more slender, depth at angle of gonys, 4 mm. or less.
    - d¹. Smaller; wing, 57 to 60; tarsus, 16.5 to 18 mm whiteheadi (p. [20])
    - d². Larger; wing, 65.5 or more; tarsus, 19 mm. or more.
  - c². Bill stouter, depth at angle of gonys, 5.8 mm worcesteri (p. [23])

5. TURNIX FASCIATA (Temminck).

PHILIPPINE BUTTON QUAIL.

Hemipodius fasciatus Temminck, Pig. et Gall. (1815), 3, 634, 757.
Turnix fasciata Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1893), 22, 535; Sharpe, Hand-List (1899), 1, 48; Oates, Cat. Birds’ Eggs (1901), 1, 70; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 8.
Turnix nigrescens Tweeddale, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1877), 765.
Turnix haynaldi Blasius, Ornis (1888), 4, 317.

Pu-gong daan, Manila; tic-ti′-co, Calapan, Mindoro.

Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester); Cebu (Everett, Bourns & Worcester); Luzon (Everett, Heriot, Whitehead, McGregor, Mearns); Masbate (Bourns & Worcester); Mindoro (McGregor, Porter); Negros (Steere Exp.); Palawan (Whitehead, Platen, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, White); Panay (Bourns & Worcester); Sibuyan (Bourns & Worcester).

Adult male.—Above blackish brown; feathers of back largely black with white or buff margins; in some specimens the margins largely rufous; chin and throat white; breast and sides light buff with clear-cut, subterminal, black cross-bars; abdomen and belly dirty white; flanks and under tail-coverts washed with buff; quills blackish brown, first three or four narrowly edged with pale buff or white; first alula-quill widely edged with pale buff or white; coverts light buff, more or fewer with strong cross-bars. Bill black, yellow at base; legs pale greenish yellow. Length, 140. Three males measure: Wing, 68 to 76; tail, 23 to 28; culmen, 12 to 13; tarsus, 21 to 22; middle toe with claw, 18 to 19.5.

Adult female.—Like the adult male but larger; chin and throat black; hind neck and sides of neck decorated with a collar of rich chestnut. Iris white; bill yellow, slightly greenish toward tip; legs greenish; nails flesh-colored. Length, 160. Three females measure: Wing, 72 to 81; tail, 29 to 30.5; culmen, 13 to 14; tarsus, 23 to 25; middle toe with claw, 20 to 23.

Young.—Immature birds of both sexes resemble the adult male but the bars of breast are reduced to spots or to irregular V-shaped bars; above more uniform, dull rusty brown and edges of feathers more or less rusty; wing-coverts blackish brown, notched with white.

There is much variation in the color of the upper parts due to wear; birds in fresh plumage (February, Manila) are largely chestnut above and males may have a narrow chestnut collar; the rich color fades and the feathers become abraded very rapidly. A male (March 17, Tarlac) shows scarcely any chestnut and that of a faded hue. The species is easily recognized in any plumage by the black bars (spots in young) on breast.