A Manual of Philippine Birds

by Richard C. McGregor

MALES.

• a¹. Under parts uniform gray.
  • b¹. Lores and space in front of eyes deep black.
    • c¹. Tail less than 140 mm.
      • d¹. Feathers covering the nostrils deep black like the lores.
      • d². Feathers covering the nostrils gray like the crown; tail, 132 mm. cebuensis (p. [484])
    • c². Tail more than 140 mm.; feathers covering the nostrils deep black like the lores and the space in front of eyes; tail, 144 mm. guillemardi (p. [481])
  • b². Lores and space in front of eyes pale gray like the crown; general color pale gray. difficilis (p. [480])
• • b¹. Lores and space in front of eye deep black; under tail-coverts white, barred with black, the black bars extending right across the feathers and being about two-thirds of the width of the white interspaces. panayensis (p. [483])
  • b². Lores and space in front of eye gray like the crown; under tail-coverts uniform white; or white with rather narrow wide-set black bars, which are generally confined to the middle of the feathers. kochi (p. [482])
• a². Throat and breast gray; belly and rest of under parts barred with black and white.

FEMALES.

• a¹. Entire upper and under parts uniform gray.
  • b¹. Smaller; wing, 157 mm.; tail, 119. mindorensis (p. [483])
  • b². Larger; wing, 170 mm.; tail, 142. guillemardi (p. [481])
• a². Upper and under parts not entirely uniform.
  • b¹. Throat and breast uniform gray; belly and under parts barred with black and white.
    • c¹. Lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts barred with black.
      • d¹. Feathers of rump dark gray, barred with black and fringed with whitish; general color of upper parts and breast darker gray; black bars on the belly and flanks as wide as, or wider than, the white interspaces, giving these parts a much blacker appearance; under tail-coverts with wide bars of black and white, the former being rather wider. striatus (p. [482])
      • d². Feathers of rump white, barred with black; general color of upper parts and breast paler gray; black bars on the belly and flanks much narrower than the white interspaces, giving these parts a whiter appearance; under tail-coverts white, with one or two narrow wide-set black bars. difficilis (p. [480])
    • c². Lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts uniform gray like the back. cebuensis (p. [484])
  • b². Entire under parts barred with black to the throat; rump and upper tail-coverts barred with black.
    • c¹. Under tail-coverts widely barred with black and white, the black bars being as wide as the white interspaces; patch of feathers covering the nostrils gray like the rest of the crown; general color of the throat and breast gray, barred with black, contrasting with the black and white belly; black bars on the belly and under parts very wide. panayensis (p. [483])
    • c². Under tail-coverts either pure white, or white with some black bars; patch of feathers covering the nostrils whitish; general color of throat and breast white, barred with black like the rest of the under parts; black bars on the belly and under parts narrower. kochi (p. [482])

445. ARTAMIDES DIFFICILIS (Hartert).

PALAWAN ARTAMIDES.

• Artamides sumatrensis Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1879), 4, 12 (part).
• Graucalus sumatrensis difficilis Hartert, Novit. Zool. (1895), 2, 470.
• Artamides difficilis Sharpe, Hand-List (1901), 3, 287.
• Artamides dificilis McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 76 (error).

Balabac (Everett); Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester); Palawan (Steere, Everett, Lempriere, Whitehead, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Celestino, White).

Adult male.—Except wings and tail, nearly uniform pale gray, palest on uropygium and crissum, much lighter gray than in A. striatus or A. mindorensis; no black on forehead, lores, and chin. A male from Palawan measures: Wing, 158; tail, 115; culmen from base, 29; bill from nostril, 21; tarsus, 25.