Pir-pi-rú-ca, Calayan.

Calayan (McGregor); Luzon (Whitehead). Japan, Hainan, and Eastern Siberia; in winter to Formosa and China.

“In the adult male the general color of the upper parts is russet-brown, tinged with gray on the head; lores very dark brown; ear-coverts brown; scarcely a trace of eye-stripe; wings brown, the primaries, primary-coverts, and alula feathers with the outer webs slaty brown; the secondaries, greater, median, and lesser wing-coverts with outer webs russet-brown; tail brown, the outer web of each feather margined with olive-brown; inner web of the outside tail-feathers narrowly margined with white; throat and cheeks sooty brown, shading into chestnut-brown on the breast, and into deep rich chestnut on the flanks, leaving the belly white; under tail-coverts white, with the basal half edged with brown; axillars and under wing-coverts edged with pale slate-gray, obscurely tipped with white; inner margin of quills pale slaty brown. Bill dark brown, yellow at the base of the under mandible. Wings with the third and fourth primaries nearly equal and longest, second primary between the fourth and fifth, or fifth and sixth, bastard primary 18 to 16.5 mm. Legs, feet, and claws pale brown. Wing, 127 to 117; tail, 91 to 79; culmen, 22.6 to 19; tarsus, 33 to 29.

“The female has no gray on the head or wings, the upper throat is nearly white, and the feathers of the cheeks and the center of the throat are white, with dark brown, fan-shaped terminal spots. Males of the year resemble females. Young in first plumage are unknown.” (Seebohm.)

532. TURDUS OBSCURUS Gmelin.
DARK THRUSH.

Apo (Celestino); Calayan (McGregor); Guimaras (Steere Exp.); Luzon (Cuming, Othberg, Whitehead); Mindanao (Goodfellow); Negros (Whitehead). Eastern Siberia, Japan, Eastern Himalayas and Malay Peninsula; in winter to China, Borneo, and Burma.

“In the adult male the general color of the upper parts is olive-brown, tinged with gray on the crown and nape; lores very dark brown; ear-coverts slaty brown; eye-stripe white, extending nearly to the nape; wings, wing-coverts, and tail brown, the outer web of each feather olive-brown, grayer on the margins of the primaries and primary-coverts; outside tail-feathers obscurely tipped with white on the inner web; throat and cheeks slaty brown, shading into olive-brown on the breast and into pale chestnut-brown on the flanks, leaving the belly white; under tail-coverts white, with basal half edged with brown; axillars and under wing-coverts pale slate-gray, obscurely tipped with white; inner margin of quills pale brown. Bill with upper mandible dark brown; under mandible pale yellow, darker toward the tip. Wing with the third primary longest, second primary between the fourth and fifth, bastard primary, 15 to 13 mm. Legs, feet, and claws pale brown. Wing, 127 to 112; tail, 91 to 76; culmen, 22 to 20; tarsus, 32 to 28.