This celebrated commander commenced his military career as an ensign in the second foot, his commission being dated the 14th of December 1772. He joined the regiment at Gibraltar in April 1773, and in 1775 returned with it to England. In February 1778 he was promoted lieutenant in the second foot, and on the 16th of December 1777 was promoted to a company in the seventy third regiment, then being raised by Colonel Lord Macleod, which was afterwards numbered the Seventy-first regiment. This corps Captain Baird joined at Elgin, from whence he marched to Fort George, and embarked for Guernsey. In January 1779 he embarked with his regiment for India, and arrived at Madras in January 1780. The regiment, shortly after its arrival in India, was called upon to take part in the war against Hyder Ali, the powerful sovereign of the Mysore, whose army exceeded eighty thousand, besides a strong body under a general of the name of Meer Saib, who had entered the Company’s territories on the north. This force was rendered still more formidable and effective by the aid of Monsieur Lally’s troops, and a great number of French officers who served his artillery, and even directed all his marches and operations. The British army ready to oppose this invasion did not consist of five thousand men. These were commanded by Major-General Sir Hector Munro, K.B., and were stationed at St. Thomas’s Mount, in the immediate neighbourhood of Madras, in order to cover that city. Here they were joined by Colonel Lord Macleod and the seventy-third regiment.
Hyder Ali, after a march across the country, which he marked by fire and sword, suddenly turned upon Arcot, and on the 21st of August 1780 sat down before that city, as the first operation of the war. Arcot was the capital town of the territory of the nabob of that name, the only prince in India who was friendly and in alliance with the Company. It contained immense stores of provisions, and, what was equally wanted, a vast treasure of money. There was another important reason, which required on the part of the British an immediate attention to this movement. Lieut.-Colonel Baillie, with a body of troops, was in the Northern Circars; and Hyder Ali, by besieging Arcot, had interposed himself between this detachment and the main army under Major-General Sir Hector Munro. Orders were immediately sent to Lieut.-Colonel Baillie to hasten to the Mount, to join the main army; and Sir Hector Munro, at once to meet Lieut.-Colonel Baillie and to raise the siege of Arcot, marched on the 25th of August with his army for Conjeveram, a place forty miles distant from Madras, in the Arcot road.
The British troops were followed during the whole way by the enemy’s horse. They were four days on their march to Conjeveram, and when they arrived, they found the whole country under water, and no provisions of any kind to be procured. So relax were the commissaries appointed by the Madras government, that the army had but four days’ provisions; in the midst of the most fertile region of India, and in the very onset and commencement of a war, the troops were in danger of being famished. The army had no other resource than to spread itself individually over the fields, and, at the risk of being destroyed in detail by the enemy’s horse, collect the growing rice, up to their knees in water.
Hyder Ali, as the British general foresaw, raised the siege of Arcot upon this movement towards Conjeveram; but, what he had not foreseen, his politic enemy threw his army in such a manner across the only possible road of Lieut.-Colonel Baillie’s detachment, as to prevent the desired junction, which had been expected to have taken place on the 30th of August, the day after the arrival of the army at Conjeveram. Lieut.-Colonel Baillie, before this last movement of the enemy to cut him off, had been stopped for some days, at no great distance, by the sudden rising of a small river. Hyder made use of this time to throw his army between them. On the 5th of September Lieut.-Colonel Baillie effected his passage over the river, but Hyder, being informed of it, made a second movement, which completely intercepted him. In order in some degree, however, to defeat this movement, but with slight hopes of success, Sir Hector Munro changed his position likewise, and advanced about two miles, to a high ground on the Tripassoor road, which was the way that the expected detachment was to come. By these movements the hostile camps were brought within two miles of each other, the enemy lying about that distance to the left of the British.
Lieut.-Colonel Baillie had passed the river in his way on the afternoon of the 5th of September, and encamped for the night. Hyder, on receiving this information, made the movement before related, and other arrangements on the following morning, the 6th of September, and Sir Hector Munro changed his own position at the same time. This change was scarcely effected when the evident bustle in the enemy’s army explained its purpose. In fact the purport of Hyder’s movement was to cover and support a great attack at that moment making on Lieut.-Colonel Baillie’s detachment. He had already sent his brother-in-law, Meer Saib, with eight thousand horse upon that service, and immediately afterwards detached his son, Tippoo Saib, with six thousand infantry, eighteen thousand cavalry, and twelve pieces of cannon, to join in a united and decisive attack. They encountered Lieut.-Colonel Baillie at a place called Perambaukum, where he made the most masterly dispositions to withstand this vast superiority of force. After an exceedingly severe and well-fought action, of several hours’ continuance, the enemy was routed, and Lieut.-Colonel Baillie gained as complete a victory as a total want of cavalry and the smallness of his numbers could possibly admit. Through these circumstances he lost his baggage. His whole force did not exceed two thousand sepoys, and from one to two companies of European artillery.
This success, however, by diminishing Lieut.-Colonel Baillie’s force, only added to his distress. The British camp was within a few miles, but Hyder’s army lay full in his way, and he was, moreover, in the greatest want of provisions. Under these circumstances, Lieut.-Colonel Baillie despatched a messenger to Major-General Sir Hector Munro, with an account of his situation, stating that he had sustained a loss which rendered him incapable of advancing, while his total want of provisions rendered it equally impossible for him to remain in his present position. A council of war being held, at which Colonel Lord Macleod assisted, it was resolved to send a reinforcement to Lieut.-Colonel Baillie, to enable him to push forward in despite of the enemy. Lieut.-Colonel Fletcher, Captain Baird, and other officers were sent off with a strong detachment to the relief of Lieut.-Colonel Baillie. The main force of this detachment consisted of the flank companies of the first battalion of the Seventy-third, afterwards numbered the Seventy-first regiment, the light company being commanded by Captain Baird. There were two other companies of European grenadiers, one company of sepoy marksmen, and ten companies of sepoy grenadiers. In all about a thousand men. The junction was effected with some difficulty on the 9th of September, and the following day was appointed for the march of the united detachment. Accordingly, day-light had scarcely broken when it commenced its march. By seven o’clock in the morning of the 10th of September the enemy poured down upon them in thousands. The British fought with the greatest heroism, and at one time victory seemed to be in their favour. But the tumbrils containing the ammunition accidentally blew up with two dreadful explosions in the centre of their lines. The destruction of men was great, but the total loss of their ammunition was still more fatal to the survivors. This turned the fortune of the day, and after successive prodigies of valour the brave sepoys were almost to a man cut to pieces.
Lieut.-Colonels Baillie and Fletcher, assisted by Captain Baird, made one more desperate effort. They rallied the Europeans, and, under the fire of the whole of the immense artillery of the enemy, gained a little eminence, and formed themselves into a fresh square. In this form did this invincible band, though totally without ammunition, the officers fighting with their swords and the soldiers with their bayonets, resist and repulse the myriads of the enemy in thirteen different attacks, until at length, incapable of withstanding the successive torrents of fresh troops which were continually pouring upon them, they were fairly borne down and trampled on, many of them still continuing to fight under the legs of the horses and elephants.
The loss of the British in the action at Perambaukum was of course great; and it is a reasonable subject of surprise that any escaped. Lieut.-Colonel Fletcher was amongst the slain. Lieut.-Colonel Baillie, Captain Baird, after being severely wounded in four places, together with Captain the Honorable John Lindsay, Lieutenant Philip Melvill, and other officers, with two hundred Europeans, were made prisoners. They were carried into the presence of Hyder, who, with a true Asiatic barbarism, received them with the most insolent triumph and ferocious pride. The British officers, with a spirit worthy of their country, retorted his pride by an indignant coolness and contempt. “Your son will inform you,” said Lieut.-Colonel Baillie, appealing to Tippoo, who was present, “that you owe the victory to our disaster rather than to our defeat.” Hyder angrily ordered them from his presence, and commanded them instantly to prison, where they remained for three years and a half, enduring great hardships, Captain Baird being chained by the leg to another prisoner.
In March 1784 Captain Baird was released, and in July joined his regiment at Arcot. In 1786 the Seventy-third was directed to be numbered the Seventy-first regiment. Captain Baird was promoted to the rank of major in the Seventy-first regiment on the 5th of June 1787, and in October obtained leave of absence, when he returned to Great Britain. He was advanced to the lieut.-colonelcy of the regiment on the 8th of December 1790, and in 1791 proceeded to India, and joined the army under General the Earl Cornwallis. Lieut.-Colonel Baird commanded a brigade of sepoys, and was present at the attack of a number of droogs or hill forts; also at the siege of Seringapatam in 1791 and 1792; likewise at the storming of Tippoo’s lines and camps on the island of Seringapatam. In 1793 the Lieut.-Colonel commanded a brigade of Europeans, and was present at the siege of Pondicherry. On the 21st of August 1795, he was promoted to the brevet rank of colonel, and in October 1797 embarked at Madras with the Seventy-first for Europe, but on arrival at the Cape of Good Hope, in January following, he was appointed brigadier-general, and placed on that staff in command of a brigade. He was promoted to the rank of major-general on the 18th of June 1798, and was removed to the staff in India. Major-General Baird sailed from the Cape of Good Hope for Madras in command of two regiments of infantry and the drafts of the twenty-eighth dragoons, and arrived at his destination in January 1799. On the 1st of February he joined the army forming at Vellore for the attack of Seringapatam, and commanded a brigade of Europeans. On the 4th of May Major-General Baird commanded the storming party with success, and, in consequence, was presented by the army, through Lieut.-General, afterwards Lord Harris, Commander-in-Chief, with Tippoo Sultan’s state sword, and a dress sword from the field officers serving under his immediate command. In 1800 he was removed to the Bengal staff, and on the 9th of May of that year was appointed colonel-commandant of the fifty-fourth, and colonel of that regiment on the 8th of May 1801, in which year he was appointed to command the forces which were sent from India to Egypt, and arrived at Cosseir in June, afterwards crossed the desert, and embarked on the Nile, arriving in the following month at Grand Cairo. He joined the army under Lieut.-General Sir John Hutchinson, afterwards the Earl of Donoughmore, a few days before the surrender of Alexandria, which capitulated on the 2d of September, and terminated the campaign in Egypt.
In 1802 Major-General Baird returned across the desert to India, and was removed to the Madras staff in 1803, and commanded a large division of the army forming against the Mahrattas. He marched into the Mysore country, where the Commander-in-Chief, Lieut.-General James Stuart, joined him, and afterwards arrived on the banks of the river Jambudra, in command of the line. Major-General Wellesley, the present Duke of Wellington, being appointed to the command of the greater part of the army, Major-General Baird proceeded into the Mahratta country, and subsequently obtained permission to return to Great Britain. He sailed in March with his staff from Madras, and was taken prisoner by a French privateer. In October he was re-taken as the ship was entering Corunna. He arrived in England on the 3d of November, having given his parole that he should consider himself as a prisoner of war; but shortly after Major-General Baird and staff were exchanged for the French General Morgan and his staff.