Nests are placed about six feet high (ranging from four to 10 feet) in osage orange, small pines, honeysuckle vines, and elm.
Starling: Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus.—This species is a common resident in towns and around farms, foraging in open fields of various kinds. Starlings (introduced into North America from European stocks of S. v. vulgaris) first appeared in eastern Kansas in the early 1930s and were established as successful residents by 1935 or 1936. Occupancy of Kansas to the west took only a few years. There are no specimens taken in the breeding season or actual nesting records from southwest of Ellis and Stafford counties; Starlings seem to be resident in Cheyenne County, but no nesting record exists from there.
Breeding schedule.—Sixty-seven records of breeding span the period March 1 to June 30 ([Fig. 7]); the modal date for first clutches is April 15, and for second clutches is June 5.
Number of eggs.—Clutch-size is 5 eggs (5.2, 4-8; 19).
Nests are placed about 22 feet high (ranging from eight to 50 feet) in crevices in elm, locust, hackberry, nestboxes placed by man, and in a variety of other structures of man.
Black-capped Vireo: Vireo atricapilla Woodhouse.—This was a summer resident, apparently of limited distribution but in good numbers, in Comanche County, in oak woodland and brushland edge. No specimens have been taken in Kansas since 1885.
Breeding schedule.—Eggs are probably laid in May and June. Goss (1891:351) found a nest under construction on May 11, 1885, and this is the only nesting record of the species in the State.
Number of eggs.—Clutch-size is about 4 eggs (Davie, 1898).
Nests are placed low, perhaps around four feet high, in deciduous trees and shrubs (Davie, op. cit.).
White-eyed Vireo: Vireo griseus noveboracensis (Gmelin).—This is a local summer resident in eastern Kansas, in woodland and forest edge. Stations of breeding occurrence are in Doniphan, Douglas, Johnson, Anderson, Labette, and Montgomery counties. The species is present within the extreme dates of April 23 to October 5 ([Table 16]).