[26] Don Juan Antonio Monet, appointed Minister of War October 1832.
[27] The village of Arapiles was the Duke of Wellington’s position at the battle of Salamanca, July 22nd, 1812.
[28] The visit which John Frederick Lewis (1805-76) paid to Spain (1832-4) was a turning-point in his artistic career. Till then he had devoted himself almost exclusively to animals. His Sketches and Drawings of the Alhambra were published in 1835, and his Sketches of Spain and Spanish Character in 1836. Frederick Christian Lewis, the father of “Spanish” Lewis, was a well-known engraver and landscape painter.
[29] The Infante, Francisco de Paula, youngest child of Maria Luisa, wife of Charles IV., was said to be her son by Godoy. He married the Princess Carlota, sister of Queen Christina and the Duchesse de Berry. His son was King Consort of Isabella II. (1846).
[30] A cuarto is a copper coin of the value of four maravedis, i.e. about a farthing.
[31] Captain (afterwards Admiral Sir George) Sartorius, was in 1831 appointed to command the Portuguese fleet acting for Maria da Gloria against Dom Miguel. His command was successful. But the final blow was struck by Captain (afterwards Admiral Sir Charles) Napier, who succeeded him in June 1833. Napier destroyed Dom Miguel’s fleet off Cape St. Vincent, July 3rd, 1833. The news reached London on July 14th, “to the great delight of the Whigs and equal mortification of the Tories” (Greville Memoirs, ed. 1888, vol. iii. p. 9).
[32] The Maestranza was a corporation of gentlemen, instituted by Charles V., to improve the breed of horses, encourage equestrian exercises, and control the management of amphitheatres. Men of rank and good family, like Don Rafael Guzman, rarely adopted the profession of toreador. But the Infante, Don Francisco, was at the head of a movement to revive the art of bull-fighting.
[33] Sir Walter Scott died September 21st, 1832.
[35] The Egyptian troops under Ibrahim Pacha, son of Mehemet Ali, defeated the Turks at Konieh, December 21st, 1832. The Sultan appealed for aid to the Czar, who ordered 30,000 troops and 12 sail of the line to go to the protection of Constantinople. Further hostilities were averted by the treaty of Kutayah, May 1833.