In Hertford the Lea is divided into two channels, one of which runs through the eastern portion of the town to cross Great Hertham common, while the other, which is navigable, passes along the western side to join its fellow at the aforesaid common.
At about one-third the distance between Hertford and Ware the Lea is largely augmented by the waters of the Beane (Benefician) and the Rib, which join close to their union with the main river. The Beane rises from a ditch in the parish of Ardeley (between Stevenage and Buntingford), and thence flows in a southward direction by way of Walkern, Aston, Frogmore, Watton, and Stapleford, passing on its way through Woodhall Park, at the entrance to which it is reinforced by several strong springs. Between Watton and Stapleford it also receives a small brook flowing from Bragbury End.
Starting in an easterly direction from Ardeley or Walkern, we shall cross the low watershed dividing the valley of the Beane from that of the Rib; which latter takes its rise near Reed, and after crossing the Ermine Street at the south end of Buntingford, flows by way of West Mill and New Bridge to Braughing, where it is joined by the Quin, which issues from a spring at Barkway, and passing by Hormead and Quinbury (to which it lends its name), reaches Braughing Priory. Below Braughing the Rib, as it is now called, flows by way of Hammels, Standon, Barwick, Thundridge, to cross the Ermine Street at Wade’s Mill, and thence viâ Ware Westmill and Ware Park to join the Lea with the Beane.
From Luton to Hatfield the course of the Lea pursues a generally south-easterly direction; at Hatfield it becomes for a short distance due east, and then trends to the north-east through Hertford to Ware. Here it takes a sudden bend, so that the remainder of its course through the county and the adjacent portion of Essex is almost due south. A direct line from Luton to the Lea near Waltham Abbey measures about 40 miles; but, owing to its great north-easterly bend, the course of the Lea between these two points is something like 45 miles.
Bishop’s Stortford (showing the Plain Country)
The last two rivers on our list are the Ash and the Stort, both of which in the upper part of their courses run from north to south nearly parallel with the Beane and the Quin. The Ash rises near Brent Pelham and thence flowing by Much Hadham and through the parish of Widford, falls into the Lea above Stanstead Abbots. The Stort, which is the most easterly tributary of the Lea in the county, is of Essex origin, taking its rise at the very border of the county, near Meesdon, and entering it again close to Bishop’s Stortford. Some distance above Stortford it receives one tributary from the Essex and a second from the Hertfordshire side, the latter forming for a short distance the boundary between the two counties. At Stortford the Stort is wholly within Hertfordshire, but a little below the town it forms the county boundary for a considerable distance, passing by way of Sawbridgeworth on the Hertfordshire, and Harlow on the Essex side, to join the Lea a short distance below the Rye House. From this point and Hoddesdon nearly to Waltham Abbey the Lea forms the boundary between Hertfordshire and Essex, finally leaving the former county near Waltham. The river now constitutes the line of division between Middlesex and Essex, finally joining the Thames below Bow Bridge, at Barking, after a course of 45 miles.
Here may conveniently be mentioned the celebrated Chadwell spring, near Hertford, which after supplying London with a large amount of water by way of the New River (of which more in a later chapter) for three hundred years, failed temporarily in 1897, so that water began to flow into, instead of out of its basin. Previous to this failure the amount of water discharged daily by the Chadwell spring was estimated at not less than 2,600,000 gallons. In addition to the temporary failure of Chadwell, a spring in Woolmers Park, near Hertford, has of late years completely dried up; both these failures being attributed mainly, if not entirely, to the tapping of the Hertfordshire water-supply by the deep borings in London.