[13]. I have ascertained that this elastic ligament exists in the neck of the Dugong.
[14]. The German Translator (See Frorieps Notizen., 1837, p. 119) of the abstract of my description of the Toxodon, published in the Proceedings of the Geological Society, asks, what is the Mutica (misprinted Muticata), of Linnæus? The term is quoted from the Systema Naturæ, Ed. xii. p. 24. Linnæus first divides Mammalia into three groups, according to modifications of the locomotive organs, viz. Unguiculata, Ungulata, Mutica, and subdivides these, according to modifications of the dentary organs, into the orders, Bruat, Glires, Primates, &c.
[15]. Besides the relation to food requiring much comminution, which teeth with persistent pulps bear, they are also connected with the longevity of the individual. The term of life in a herbivorous animal, with grinders of temporary growth, is, of necessity, dependent on the duration of these essential aids to nutrition; thus, a sheep generally wears down its grinders in twelve years, and its natural term of life is consequently limited to about that period.
[16]. Μακρος longus, αυχην cervix: from the latter word Illiger derived Auchenia, his generic name of the Llama, Vicugna, &c.
[17]. In the seventh cervical vertebra of the Camel, as in many other Mammalia, there is no perforation in any part for the vertebral arteries. In a Vicugna, I find the same structure; but in a Llama, the side of the body of the seventh cervical vertebra is perforated longitudinally on the right side. In the Camel, the vertebral arteries pierce the sixth cervical vertebra, immediately below the superior transverse processes, and pass obliquely to the anterior aperture of the cervical canal, where they emerge beneath the anterior oblique processes, and then enter the spinal canal of the fifth cervical vertebra, as described in the text.
[18]. Cuvier, Ossemens Fossiles, iii. p. 238.
[19]. Loc. cit. p. 234.
[20]. Loc. cit. p. 235.
[21]. Loc. cit. p. 237.
[22]. Loc. cit. p. 232.